What is a Hard Fork and How Does it Work?

Crypto Basics

What is a Hard Fork and How Does it Work?

Discover what a hard fork is and how it works in blockchain technology. Learn about its impact and implementation in this comprehensive guide

S. Vishwa

5 Minutes

MIN

Index

Overview of Solana Blockchain

In the world of blockchain technology, a hard fork refers to a significant and radical change in a network's protocol. This change results in the creating of two separate branches, one following the previous protocol and the other following the new version.

Unlike a soft fork, which is a minor upgrade to the protocol, a hard fork requires all nodes or users to upgrade to the latest version of the protocol software.

Understanding Blockchain and Forks

Before delving into hard forks, it's important to understand the basics of blockchain technology. A blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions and other events in a series of blocks.

Each block contains data and a set of instructions, known as protocols, which dictate how the blockchain network functions. Because a blockchain is decentralized, any changes to its protocol need to be voted on and approved by its community of users.

When developers propose major changes or disagreements arise regarding the development of a blockchain, a hard fork may be initiated to create a new and separate blockchain.

How Does a Hard Fork Work?

When a hard fork occurs, the new version of the blockchain is no longer compatible with older versions. This creates a permanent divergence from the previous version of the blockchain.

The new rules and protocols implemented through the hard fork create a fork in the blockchain, with one path following the upgraded blockchain and the other path continuing along the old one.

Miners, who play a crucial role in verifying transactions and maintaining the blockchain, must choose which blockchain to continue verifying. Holders of tokens in the original blockchain will also be granted tokens in the new fork.

However, it's important to note that the old version of the blockchain may continue to exist even after the fork, potentially with security or performance flaws that the hard fork aimed to address.

Reasons for Hard Forks

Developers may implement a hard fork for various reasons. One common motivation is to correct significant security risks found in older versions of the software.

Hard forks can also introduce new functionality or reverse transactions, as seen in the case of the Ethereum blockchain's hard fork to address the hack on the Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO).

In 2016, the Ethereum community unanimously voted in favor of a hard fork to roll back transactions that resulted in the theft of millions of dollars worth of digital currency.

The hard fork allowed DAO token holders to retrieve their funds through a newly created smart contract. While the hard fork did not undo the network's transaction history, it enabled the recovery of stolen funds and provided failsafe protection for the organization.

Examples of Hard Forks

Hard forks have occurred in various blockchain networks, not just in Bitcoin. Bitcoin itself has witnessed several notable hard forks.

In 2014, Bitcoin XT emerged as a hard fork to increase the number of transactions per second that Bitcoin could handle. However, the project lost interest and is no longer in use.

Another significant hard fork in the Bitcoin ecosystem took place in 2017, resulting in the creation of Bitcoin Cash.

The hard fork aimed to increase Bitcoin's block size to improve transaction capacity. Subsequently, in 2018, Bitcoin Cash experienced another hard fork, leading to the emergence of Bitcoin Cash ABC and Bitcoin Cash SV.

Ethereum, another prominent cryptocurrency, also underwent a hard fork in response to the DAO hack mentioned earlier. The fork resulted in the creation of Ethereum Classic, which maintained the original blockchain and the updated Ethereum network.

Pros and Cons of Hard Forks

Hard forks offer several benefits to blockchain networks. They can address security issues, enhance the performance of a blockchain, and introduce new features or functionalities.

Hard forks also provide an opportunity for participants in a blockchain community to pursue different visions for their projects and potentially resolve disagreements.

However, hard forks also come with disadvantages. They can confuse investors when a new but similar cryptocurrency is created alongside the original.

Furthermore, hard forks may expose blockchain networks to vulnerabilities, such as 51% attacks or replay attacks. Additionally, the existence of the old version of the blockchain after a hard fork may lead to security or performance flaws that the fork aimed to fix.

Hard Forks vs. Soft Forks

While hard forks create two separate blockchains, soft forks result in a single valid blockchain. In a soft fork, the blockchain's existing code is updated, but the old version remains compatible with the new one.

This means that not all nodes or users need to upgrade to the latest version of the protocol software. The decision to implement a hard fork or a soft fork depends on a blockchain network's specific goals and requirements.

Hard forks are often favored when significant changes are necessary, even if a soft fork could potentially achieve the same outcome.

Conclusion

Hard forks play a significant role in the evolution of blockchain technology. They allow for radical changes to a network's protocol, creating new blockchains and potential improvements in security, performance, and functionality.

However, hard forks also come with risks and challenges, such as confusion among investors and possibly exposing blockchain networks to vulnerabilities.

As the blockchain industry continues to evolve, it's essential for investors and stakeholders to stay informed about proposed changes and forks in their cryptocurrency holdings.

Understanding the implications of hard forks and their potential impact on the value of crypto assets is crucial for navigating this rapidly changing landscape.

Remember, investing in cryptocurrency should be cautiously approached, especially for newcomers who are still learning how blockchain works. Stay updated, do thorough research, and seek professional advice before making investment decisions.

Disclaimer

The information provided on this website does not constitute investment advice, financial advice, trading advice, or any other advice, and you should not treat any of the website's content as such.

Token Metrics does not recommend buying, selling, or holding any cryptocurrency. Conduct your due diligence and consult your financial advisor before making investment decisions.

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SUI Price Analysis: Short-Term Momentum Builds Amid Long-Term Uncertainty

Token Metrics Team

4 min

MIN

SUI, a rising Layer 1 blockchain network, has been gaining traction recently—and Token Metrics' AI-powered tools were ahead of the curve in identifying its bullish momentum. On April 24th, the Token Metrics Trader Grade issued a bullish signal for SUI, and since then, the price has climbed nearly 22%, confirming the strength of the short-term trend.

But there’s more to this move than just price action. Token Metrics offers a unique perspective by analyzing both short-term and long-term signals through its proprietary Trader Grade and Investor Grade ratings. These grades offer a layered view of an asset's potential by using machine learning to evaluate over 80 on-chain, off-chain, and technical indicators.

Token Metrics AI: Bullish for Traders, Bearish for Investors

As of the latest data, SUI holds a “Strong Buy” rating on the Token Metrics Trader Grade, signaling powerful momentum for short-term traders. This suggests that swing traders and scalpers could benefit from the current trend, particularly if the price can decisively break through the immediate resistance at $4.25.

However, the Investor Grade tells a different story. While the short-term outlook is bullish, the long-term view remains cautious. The Investor Grade currently recommends a Sell, suggesting SUI may face challenges in sustaining gains over a multi-month time frame. This divergence highlights the importance of aligning your investment strategy with the appropriate time horizon.

TVL Growth Validates SUI’s Ecosystem Expansion

Beyond AI ratings, Token Metrics also factors in fundamental metrics—and one of the strongest tailwinds for SUI right now is its rapidly growing Total Value Locked (TVL). According to DeFi Llama, SUI’s TVL has surged to a new all-time high of $2.11 billion, cementing its position as the 8th largest blockchain by TVL.

This growth in TVL indicates that more capital is being deployed in the SUI ecosystem. It reflects increased user engagement with decentralized applications (dApps) on the network and signals rising confidence among DeFi participants. From a fundamental standpoint, this bodes well for SUI’s long-term utility—even if its price action hasn't yet caught up to the full extent of this growth.

Key Technical Levels: Breakout or Pullback?

From a technical analysis standpoint, SUI is now testing a major resistance at $4.25. A confirmed breakout above this level could send the asset surging toward new all-time highs, potentially igniting a new wave of momentum-driven buying.

However, if the price fails to breach this resistance zone, a pullback is likely. In that scenario, the $3.00 to $3.20 range should act as a solid support area. These levels will be critical for traders to monitor, and Token Metrics' real-time alerts can help users stay on top of such breakouts or reversals.

Trading Smarter with Token Metrics

Whether you're trading short-term breakouts or evaluating long-term positions, Token Metrics helps crypto investors make data-driven decisions. The platform’s dual-grade system—Trader Grade for momentum-based insights and Investor Grade for long-term trends—equips users with nuanced information to act with confidence.

Moreover, Token Metrics integrates this data directly into its AI Trading Agent and custom alerts system, ensuring you never miss an opportunity or warning signal. With instant access to heatmaps, technical breakdowns, and AI-based predictions, SUI traders can manage risk more efficiently and capitalize on emerging trends before the rest of the market catches on.

Final Thoughts

SUI is showing promising signs, especially with its network fundamentals improving rapidly and short-term momentum turning bullish. Still, the cautious long-term outlook suggests that traders should proceed with a balanced approach—watching both breakout levels and support zones, while leveraging tools like Token Metrics for real-time decision-making support.

As always, combining AI-driven insights with strong risk management is the key to navigating volatile markets like crypto. SUI is one to watch—and Token Metrics helps you stay one step ahead.

Announcements

AI Tokens and DeFi 2.0: Where Smart Capital is Flowing

Token Metrics Team

4 min

MIN

The crypto market is cyclical—not just in price, but in narrative. In recent months, attention has rotated from AI to DeFi, creating new opportunities for savvy investors. Let’s break down the trends.

AI Momentum Remains Strong

Projects like Vader AI, BitTensor, and Grass continue to dominate the conversation. Vader AI, part of the Virtua ecosystem, gained momentum from staking programs and Genesis Launchpad allocations. Grass, a data-layer AI protocol, claims $15M+ in revenue and recently flipped bullish on technical indicators.

BitTensor remains the leading infrastructure play in the AI space, drawing parallels to Bitcoin in its community enthusiasm and decentralization ethos. It has rebounded over 150% from its lows and is showing resilience in the current market cycle.

DeFi’s Comeback: Aerodrome and Beyond

Meanwhile, DeFi is showing signs of resurgence. Aerodrome, a DEX on the Base chain, is gaining traction through strong liquidity incentives and revenue-sharing mechanisms. Its user incentives echo the early days of Curve or Uniswap but on a chain optimized for scalability.

Virtua’s staking model is also driving a hybrid DeFi/AI strategy, blurring the lines between token utility, participation, and value capture.

Narrative Rotation: What It Means

Crypto narratives are rarely zero-sum. What we’re seeing now is a healthy diversification: AI remains dominant, but DeFi is catching a second wind. For investors, this means exploring tokens that sit at the intersection—offering strong tech, compelling incentives, and infrastructure integrations.

Closing Thoughts

Whether you’re riding the AI wave or positioning for the DeFi rebound, it’s clear that smart capital is flowing into ecosystems with tangible traction. Watch the flows, track the signals, and always be ready to pivot.

Track the Trends with Token Metrics

Token Metrics is your edge in navigating the ever-shifting landscape of crypto narratives. Our AI-powered research platform helps you spot bullish trends early, evaluate project fundamentals, and make data-driven investment decisions. Whether you're interested in AI tokens, DeFi protocols, or hybrid plays, Token Metrics provides real-time signals, technical grades, and curated indices to guide your next move.

Explore the platform at www.tokenmetrics.com and discover where smart capital is heading next.

Research

How Hyperliquid is Redefining Decentralized Perpetuals in 2025

Token Metrics Team

4 min

MIN

While most exchanges compete on liquidity or UI, Hyperliquid is rewriting the rules entirely.
This decentralized perps exchange has not only survived the bear market—it’s thriving. Backed by real revenue, a growing user base, and a unique listing model, Hyperliquid is emerging as the “Uniswap of Perps.”

The Reverse Auction Listing System

Hyperliquid introduces a novel reverse auction system for listing tokens. Bidders compete for tickers, with starting prices set at 2x the previous auction. Some tickers have fetched over $1 million, with the fees used for buybacks and burns—driving long-term value to the ecosystem.

This model isn’t just a gimmick. It introduces scarcity and gamification into token listings—something no other exchange is doing at this level.

Sustainable Revenue and Strong UX

Unlike many DEXs, Hyperliquid generates consistent trading fees, even in sideways markets. Its EVM-compatible L1 is coming soon, which could further cement it as the go-to perps exchange for serious traders.

Product-Market Fit in Action

In a space where hype often outpaces adoption, Hyperliquid offers both. It's not trying to be first—it's trying to be the best. The community listing process, upcoming L1, and high trading volumes all suggest it’s built for long-term relevance.

Smarter Trading with Token Metrics

To navigate emerging platforms like Hyperliquid, sophisticated analytics are key. Token Metrics provides a powerful suite of tools—AI-driven trading signals, token grades, on-chain data, and market indicators—to help traders make confident, data-backed decisions. Whether you're evaluating new token listings, monitoring market sentiment, or comparing DEX performance, Token Metrics equips you with everything you need to stay ahead of the curve.

Final Take

Hyperliquid is more than just another DEX—it’s a case study in how to build sustainable tokenomics and community alignment. If you’re looking for the next big infrastructure play in trading, don’t sleep on this one. And if you want to trade smarter, platforms like Token Metrics can be your secret weapon in decoding the market's next moves.

Token Metrics Media LLC is a regular publication of information, analysis, and commentary focused especially on blockchain technology and business, cryptocurrency, blockchain-based tokens, market trends, and trading strategies.

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