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What is a Blockchain Node and What Does It Do? A Complete Guide for 2025

Discover what a blockchain node is and its vital role in the network. Learn how it operates and why it's essential for blockchain technology. Read more!
Talha Ahmad
5 min
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The blockchain revolution has fundamentally transformed the way we handle digital transactions, data storage, and decentralized systems. The primary function of blockchain nodes is to maintain the blockchain's public ledger and ensure consensus across the network, supporting the decentralized infrastructure and integrity of the system. At the core of every blockchain network lies a crucial component that many users overlook but absolutely depend on: blockchain nodes. Understanding what is a blockchain node and what does it do is essential for anyone involved in cryptocurrency trading, blockchain development, or simply interested in how blockchain nodes work to validate transactions, store data, and maintain the decentralized network.

Understanding Blockchain Nodes: The Network's Backbone

A blockchain node refers to a computer or device that participates actively in a blockchain network by maintaining a copy of the distributed ledger and assisting in validating new transactions. These nodes act as individual participants in a vast, decentralized database where no single entity governs the information, creating a decentralized network that is resilient and censorship-resistant. Relying on just one node would make the network vulnerable to failures and attacks, but having many nodes ensures greater decentralization, stability, and security.

When you send cryptocurrency from one wallet to another, the transaction data isn’t processed by a bank or a central entity. Instead, it is broadcast to thousands of blockchain nodes worldwide. These nodes, along with other nodes in the network, collaborate to verify the legitimacy of the transaction, ensuring the sender has sufficient funds and preventing issues like double-spending. This process of authenticating transactions and broadcasting them across the entire network ensures the integrity of the blockchain ledger.

Because blockchain nodes store copies of the entire blockchain history, the network gains remarkable durability. Each node runs protocol software to participate in the network and communicate with others. Unlike traditional centralized systems vulnerable to single points of failure, a blockchain network can continue functioning smoothly even if many nodes go offline. This redundancy is what makes networks such as the bitcoin network, which relies on decentralized nodes and miners, so robust and secure. Nodes play a vital role in maintaining the network's security, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the blockchain.

The Blockchain Network: How Nodes Connect and Communicate

A blockchain network is a decentralized network made up of countless blockchain nodes that work in harmony to validate, record, and secure blockchain transactions. Unlike traditional systems that rely on a central authority, a blockchain network distributes responsibility across all participating nodes, creating a robust and resilient infrastructure.

Each blockchain node maintains a copy of the entire blockchain ledger, ensuring that every participant has access to the same up-to-date information. As new transactions occur, they are broadcast across the network, and every node updates its ledger in real time. This is made possible through a peer-to-peer network architecture, where each node can both send and receive data, eliminating single points of failure and enhancing the network’s security.

Within this decentralized network, nodes store and verify blockchain data according to their specific roles. Full nodes are responsible for storing the entire blockchain ledger and independently validating every transaction and block. Light nodes (or SPV nodes) store only the essential data needed to verify transactions, making them ideal for devices with limited resources. Mining nodes play a critical role in validating transactions and adding new blocks to the blockchain by solving complex mathematical puzzles, while authority nodes are tasked with authenticating transactions and ensuring the network operates according to the established rules.

Archival nodes go a step further by storing the entire blockchain history, including all past transactions, which is essential for services that require access to comprehensive transaction history. Staking nodes participate in proof-of-stake networks, where they validate transactions and add new blocks based on the amount of cryptocurrency they hold and are willing to “stake” as collateral. Super nodes and master nodes perform specialized tasks such as implementing protocol changes, maintaining network stability, and sometimes enabling advanced features like instant transactions or privacy enhancements.

The seamless operation of a blockchain network relies on a consensus mechanism—a set of rules that all nodes follow to agree on the validity of new transactions and blocks. This process ensures that no single node can manipulate the blockchain ledger, and it helps prevent issues like network congestion by coordinating how transactions are processed and recorded. For example, the bitcoin blockchain uses a proof-of-work consensus mechanism, while other networks may use proof-of-stake or other protocols.

Innovations like lightning nodes enable off-chain processing of transactions, reducing the load on the main blockchain and allowing for faster, more scalable exchanges. As the blockchain ecosystem evolves, new types of nodes and consensus mechanisms continue to emerge, each contributing to the network’s security, efficiency, and decentralized nature.

In essence, blockchain nodes are the backbone of any blockchain network. By working together to validate and record transactions, these nodes ensure the integrity and reliability of the entire system. Understanding how different types of blockchain nodes connect and communicate provides valuable insight into the complexity and power of decentralized networks, and highlights why blockchain technology is revolutionizing the way we think about data, trust, and digital value.

Types of Blockchain Nodes: Different Roles, Different Functions

Not all blockchain nodes perform the same functions. There are several node variations of blockchain nodes, each playing a unique role in maintaining the blockchain ecosystem and ensuring smooth network operation. These include super nodes, which are the super nodes rarest type and are created on demand for specialized tasks, as well as master nodes and others.

Full nodes are the most comprehensive type of node. They download and store data for the entire blockchain ledger, including all the transactions and blocks from the beginning of the blockchain. Full nodes independently verify every transaction and block against the network’s consensus mechanism, ensuring that only valid data is added to the blockchain. These nodes form the backbone of the network’s security, as they prevent invalid or malicious transactions from being accepted.

In contrast, light nodes (or SPV nodes) operate more efficiently by only downloading the essential data, such as block headers, rather than the full blockchain. They require less processing power and are ideal for mobile devices or wallets with limited storage and bandwidth. While light nodes sacrifice some independence, they still contribute to the network’s decentralization by verifying transactions without storing the entire blockchain history.

Mining nodes (also called miner nodes) combine the functions of full nodes with the additional task of creating new blocks. These nodes compete to solve complex cryptographic puzzles, and the winning miner adds the next block to the main blockchain, earning block rewards and transaction fees. In proof-of-stake networks, a staking node or validator node performs a similar function by using their stake to secure the network instead of computational power. Staking nodes participate in the authentication process, gain authentication powers, and must meet predetermined metrics to qualify for these roles.

Another specialized type includes archival full nodes, which go beyond full nodes by storing all the transactions and the complete blockchain's transaction history. An archival full node stores or can store data for the entire blockchain, making them vital for services like blockchain explorers and analytics platforms that require access to complete transaction history. The node stores all historical data, ensuring blockchain integrity and transparency.

Other variations include pruned full nodes, which store only the most recent blockchain transactions and discard older data to manage storage limits. A pruned full node has a set memory limit and retains only recent data, deleting the oldest blocks to optimize storage while maintaining the latest transaction information.

Lightning nodes play a crucial role in congested blockchain networks by enabling instantaneous exchanges and solving issues of slow processing. They use out of network connections to execute off-chain transactions, which helps reduce network congestion, lower transaction fees, and improve transaction speed and cost-efficiency.

In proof-of-authority networks, authority nodes (also known as approved nodes) are selected through a vetting process to ensure trustworthiness and accountability. The distribution of nodes, or blockchain hosts, across many blockchain networks enhances network robustness, security, and decentralization by spreading authority and preventing infiltration. Many blockchain networks exist, each with different features, governance models, and privacy options, supporting diverse community participation and transparent or pseudonymous transactions.

How Blockchain Nodes Maintain Network Security

The security of a blockchain network emerges from the collective efforts of thousands of independent nodes operating without a central authority. When a new transaction is broadcast, blockchain nodes immediately begin verifying it by checking digital signatures, confirming sufficient balances, and ensuring the transaction adheres to the blockchain protocol. Each node validates transactions to ensure their legitimacy within the network.

This multi-layered verification process strengthens the network’s security. Cryptographic signatures confirm that only rightful owners can spend their cryptocurrency. The consensus protocol requires a majority of nodes to agree on the validity of new blocks before they are added to the blockchain. Nodes play a crucial role in maintaining secure transactions by verifying transaction authenticity and protecting them through cryptographic hashing and the immutability of the blockchain ledger. Additionally, the distributed nature of the network means that an attacker would need to compromise a majority of nodes spread across different locations — an almost impossible feat.

For investors and traders, understanding the distribution and health of blockchain nodes offers valuable insights into the long-term viability and security of a blockchain network. Platforms like Token Metrics incorporate node metrics into their analysis, helping users evaluate the fundamental strength of blockchain networks beyond just price trends.

The Economics of Running Blockchain Nodes

Running a blockchain node involves costs and incentives that help maintain network security and decentralization. Although full nodes generally do not receive direct financial rewards, they provide operators with important benefits such as complete transaction privacy, the ability to independently verify payments, and participation in network governance. The presence of many nodes also supports scalable growth, enabling the network to efficiently handle increasing transaction volumes without compromising performance.

On the other hand, mining nodes and staking nodes receive block rewards and transaction fees as compensation for their work securing the blockchain. However, operating these nodes requires significant investment in hardware, electricity, and maintenance. Profitability depends on factors like cryptocurrency prices, network difficulty, and energy costs, making mining a dynamic and competitive economic activity.

Many node operators run full nodes for ideological reasons, supporting the network’s decentralization without expecting monetary gain. This voluntary participation strengthens the blockchain ecosystem and reflects the community’s commitment to a peer to peer network free from a central entity.

Choosing and Setting Up Your Own Node

Setting up a blockchain node has become more accessible thanks to improved software and detailed guides from many blockchain projects. However, requirements vary widely. For example, running a Bitcoin full node demands several hundred gigabytes of storage to hold the entire blockchain ledger. Full nodes store the blockchain's transaction history, which is essential for verifying the integrity of the network. Maintaining the network's transaction history is crucial for transparency and trust, as it allows anyone to audit and verify all past transactions.

For beginners, a light node or lightweight wallet offers an easy way to engage with blockchain technology without the technical complexity or storage demands of full nodes. A light node stores only block headers and relies on full nodes for transaction validation, making it suitable for devices with limited resources. As users become more experienced, they may choose to run full nodes to enhance security, privacy, and autonomy.

Cloud-based node services provide an alternative for those who want full node access without investing in hardware. While convenient, these services introduce a level of trust in third parties, which partially contradicts the trustless principles of blockchain technology.

The Future of Blockchain Nodes

Blockchain node architecture is evolving rapidly to meet the demands of scalability, security, and usability. Layer-2 scaling solutions are introducing new node types that process transactions off the main blockchain, reducing congestion while retaining security guarantees. Cross-chain protocols require specialized bridge nodes to facilitate communication between different blockchain networks.

The potential for mobile and IoT devices to operate nodes could dramatically enhance decentralization, though challenges like limited storage, bandwidth, and battery life remain significant hurdles. Innovations in consensus mechanisms and data structures aim to make node operation more efficient and accessible without compromising security.

For traders and investors, staying informed about these developments is crucial. Platforms like Token Metrics offer insights into how advancements in node technology influence network fundamentals and investment opportunities within the expanding blockchain ecosystem.

Understanding what is a blockchain node and what does it do lays the foundation for anyone serious about blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. These often-invisible components form the governing infrastructure of decentralized networks, enabling secure, trustless, and censorship-resistant financial systems that are reshaping the future of digital interactions.

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Recent Posts

Crypto Basics

What are NFTs? NFT Art Explained | Future of NFTs

Token Metrics Team
6 minutes

You may have heard of CryptoPunks, Bored Ape Yacht Club, and VeeFriends, but you may not understand what they are. These names may sound like random combinations of words, but they actually represent some of the most valuable non-fungible token (NFT) projects that have emerged in the past few years.

The world of crypto art and NFTs may appear complex and mysterious, with a mix of celebrities, influencers, and internet experts. But it's not as confusing as it seems. Let's start from the beginning.

What Is An NFT?

Nearly all crypto art that has been introduced to the market has been done so through the minting of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). NFTs are digital assets that have verified proof of ownership. While "fungible tokens" like the US dollar can be easily traded (like exchanging 4 quarters for a dollar), each NFT is unique and cannot be easily traded. For example, imagine a sketch of "Starry Night" by Vincent Van Gogh that has been authenticated by a fine art appraiser as an original. This sketch would be non-fungible because you could not easily exchange it for, say, an original sketch by Leonardo da Vinci. This concept is easy to understand with tangible items like art pieces or collectible cards, but when digital assets can range from a celebrity tweet to an iconic meme to a picture of a pimped out animated ape, it may be confusing.

How Can We Ensure Unique Authenticity?

This is where NFTs enter the scene. Say you are a graphic design artist who just finished your newest 1-of-1 piece of work and you want to sell it as an NFT. Whoever purchases this piece would not only receive the artwork but they would also receive a “digital receipt” that proves that this exact piece is original, unique and authentic.

“But What If I Just Screenshot This Digital Artwork? Wouldn’t I Technically Own the Piece as Well?”

This is the first question that many have mockingly asked on social media and internet forums. The easy answer: yes, you can screenshot practically all digital artwork, but no, that does not mean you own it.

For example, millions of people swarm into the Louvre every year, waiting patiently amidst a giddy crowd, just to capture a picture of the priceless Mona Lisa. Obviously, a picture of the Mona Lisa saved on your iPhone camera roll does not mean that you own that painting.

NFTs work the same way.

Just as the Louvre paid millions of dollars to own, maintain, and display the Mona Lisa in their museum, NFT buyers do the same. However, the main difference is that instead of paying dollars to house the art in a fancy museum, they are paying with cryptocurrency and housing their art in a virtual showcase, so to speak.

This is the basis for how NFTs, cryptocurrency, and blockchain technology are establishing a new and lucrative market for digital art and artists.

The Art of Being Digital

In a 2021 interview, Gary Vaynerchuk (founder of Vayner Media and creator of VeeFriends) made the following statement regarding NFTs. The interviewer remarks on the tangibility of NFTs stating, "the digital aspect, like, you can't see it" — Gary jumps in:

"Well, you can't see a blue check on Instagram? I don't walk around the world with a blue check tattooed on my forehead, but everybody sees it. You can't see my 9 million followers on Instagram, or can you? I would argue the reverse. I would argue that people can't see most of the fancy things you have in your house; that people can see more digital than real life."

And he's onto something, and I'd like to call that something "The Art of Being Digital". In our highly digitized world, our online outreach and interconnectivity is wildly amplified. Gary Vee currently has 9.9 million followers on Instagram — but without access to the internet — he has no way of interacting with that community and tapping into the true power of those 9.9 million people.

Why Do NFTs Have Value?

The value of an NFT is determined by the collective intentionality of those who are willing to buy and sell them. In other words, the value of an NFT is based on what people are willing to pay for it. This is similar to the way that the value of traditional art is determined by the market, with the value being based on factors such as the artist's fame and the rarity of the work.

The Tom Brady example illustrates this idea. On the surface, it might seem strange that someone would pay $430k for a digital picture of a cartoon ape. However, if we consider the fact that the buyer was Tom Brady and the seller was the well-known digital artist Trevor Jones, it becomes clearer that the value of the NFT was determined by the collective intentionality of those involved in the transaction.

Furthermore, the digital art of NFTs offers more than just a digital file and a high price tag. NFTs provide the ability for digital artists to monetize their work and for collectors to own and trade unique digital items. This opens up new opportunities for artists and collectors alike, and has led to the growth of a vibrant and exciting market for NFTs.

Join The Club

Celebrities such as Tom Brady, Post Malone, Steph Curry, and Jimmy Fallon have been buying Bored Ape NFTs. Bored Ape NFTs were introduced by the Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC) in April 2021 at a price of 0.08 Ethereum (ETH) each, or about $190 at the time. Since then, the price of Bored Apes has increased significantly, yielding substantial returns for early investors.

In addition to the potential for financial gain, buying a Bored Ape NFT also grants the buyer access to the BAYC community. This includes access to the BAYC Discord, where buyers can connect with other members of the club, including celebrities, and collaborate on NFT-related projects. BAYC also gives members priority access to future NFT drops, allowing them to expand their collections.

Minting and selling NFTs can also be highly lucrative for those who create their own NFT projects. This is another reason why celebrities and others may be interested in the NFT market. Creating and selling NFTs allows artists and other creators to monetize their digital work and gives collectors the opportunity to own unique digital items. The growth of the NFT market has created new opportunities for both artists and collectors, leading to a vibrant and exciting market for NFTs.

Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and Secondary Sales

Blockchain technology is used to record the conversion of traditional currency into cryptocurrency, such as Ethereum (ETH), in the NFT market. This transaction is recorded on the blockchain as public information that is easily accessible to anyone who wants to view it. This ensures transparency and helps to prevent fraud in the NFT market.

Smart contracts are programs stored on the blockchain that allow NFT creators to stipulate the conditions of resale. For example, a creator could draft a smart contract that allows them to earn a 10% commission on any subsequent resales of their NFT. This allows creators to continue to benefit from the success of their work, even after the initial sale.

Smart contracts also facilitate secondary sales in the NFT market. When the value of an NFT increases, the smart contract associated with that NFT can automatically distribute any profits from the sale to the relevant parties, such as the creator or the NFT platform. For example, if the value of Tom Brady's Bored Ape NFT increased from $430k to $530k, the smart contract could automatically distribute the $100k profit to the Bored Ape Yacht Club, if that was stipulated in the contract.

This use of smart contracts helps to ensure that all parties are fairly compensated for their contributions to the NFT market, and it allows for efficient and transparent transactions without the need for intermediaries.

The Future Of Crypto-Art

Grammy-winning artist Tyler, the Creator recently questioned the value of NFTs, stating that most of the examples he has seen are not "beautiful art." While art is subjective and many NFTs are AI-generated, there are still many ways in which NFTs can offer value in the real world.

First, NFTs can be used to represent tangible experiences and achievements. Instead of framing a concert ticket or a season pass, these items could be represented as NFTs, allowing individuals to proudly display their experiences and achievements in the digital world. This could be especially beneficial for VIP experiences and exclusive memberships.

Second, NFTs can provide a level of authenticity and scarcity that cannot be achieved with physical items. This is especially useful for limited edition items and collectibles, which can be authenticated and traded easily on the blockchain.

Third, the use of smart contracts can ensure that all parties are fairly compensated for their contributions to the NFT market. This allows for transparent and efficient transactions without the need for intermediaries.

Overall, while some may dismiss NFTs as "silly little digital artworks," they have the potential to reshape not just the art world, but the world itself.

Crypto Basics

What is WETH: Wrapped Ethereum? [Answered]

Token Metrics Team
4 minutes

If you are wondering what is WETH, short for Wrapped Ethereum, this is the place to be.

Cryptocurrencies have gained a lot of popularity in recent years, with many investors looking to invest in the digital assets. However, the use of these cryptocurrencies on decentralized applications (dApps) can be limited due to compatibility issues. This is where wrapped tokens come in. Wrapped tokens are tokenized versions of cryptocurrencies that can be pegged to the value of the original coin and used on different blockchain networks. In this article, we will explain what WETH is and how it works.

What is WETH or Wrapped Ethereum?

WETH is the abbreviation for Wrapped Ether, which is a tokenized version of the cryptocurrency Ether (ETH) that is pegged to its value. This means that the value of WETH remains the same as ETH, but it allows for increased interoperability between Ethereum and other blockchain networks.

How Does Wrapped Ethereum Work?

In order to create Wrapped Ethereum, a custodian must hold the collateral (in this case, ETH). This custodian can be a merchant, multi-signature wallet, or a smart contract. To create WETH, an investor sends their ETH to the custodian, and in return, a wrapped version of the ETH is created. This process is similar to how stablecoins are created, as they are essentially "wrapped USD" that can be redeemed for fiat dollars at any time.

What Makes Wrapped Ethereum Unique?

Wrapped tokens like WETH allow investors to hold onto their ETH while using it on other blockchain networks. This increases liquidity and capital efficiency, as investors can wrap their assets and deploy them on other chains. Wrapping Ether can also reduce transaction times and fees, as Ethereum often suffers from high gas fees. However, using wrapped tokens also means relying on a custodian and taking on additional risks.

Are ETH and WETH Different?

Yes, ETH and WETH are different. ETH is the original cryptocurrency, while WETH is a wrapped version of ETH that is ERC-20 compatible. This means that it can be easily used on a wide range of decentralized applications (dApps), but it is equivalent to ETH in terms of value. Investors may need to convert their ETH to WETH in order to use certain dApps.

Crypto Basics

What Causes Crypto To Rise? [Answered]

Token Metrics Team
5 minutes

Do you want to know what causes crypto to rise? This is the place to be.

Cryptocurrency prices are highly volatile and can fluctuate rapidly, which can be both good and bad for investors. To understand what causes crypto to rise in value, it's important to first understand how cryptocurrencies differ from traditional government-controlled currencies. Unlike fiat currencies, which are backed by a central authority and have value because consumers trust them, cryptocurrencies are decentralized and not controlled by any one entity. This means that cryptocurrencies gain value in different ways than traditional currencies. In this article, we will explore some of the factors that can cause the value of cryptocurrencies to increase.

What Causes Crypto to Rise?

Let's find out what causes cryptocurrencies to rise in value.

Supply and Demand

The value of cryptocurrency is determined by supply and demand, just like any other asset. When demand for a particular cryptocurrency is higher than the supply, its value will increase. For example, if there is a scarcity of a certain cryptocurrency, its value will rise due to the unequal balance between supply and demand.

Each cryptocurrency project typically announces its plans for minting and burning tokens, which is the process of creating and destroying tokens to control the supply. Some cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, have a fixed maximum supply, while others, such as Ether, have no limit on the number of tokens that can be created. Some cryptocurrencies also have mechanisms in place to burn tokens in order to prevent the circulating supply from growing too large and causing inflation.

The demand for a cryptocurrency can increase for a variety of reasons, such as increased awareness of the project or increased utility of the token. So, one factor that can cause the value of a cryptocurrency to rise is consumer demand for that particular coin.

Exchange Availability

Popular cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ether are typically available on multiple exchange platforms, which makes them easily accessible to a large number of investors. However, smaller cryptocurrencies may only be available on a few exchange platforms, which can limit their reach and make them less attractive to investors.

If a cryptocurrency is listed on many exchange platforms, it can increase the number of investors who are able to buy it and drive up demand. As we know, when demand for a cryptocurrency increases, its price will also rise. So, another factor that can cause the value of a cryptocurrency to increase is its availability on exchange platforms.

Competition

There are thousands of different cryptocurrencies and new projects and tokens are being launched all the time. Because the entry barriers to creating a new cryptocurrency are relatively low, the most important aspect of a cryptocurrency's success is building a network of users. Applications built on blockchain technology can help to build networks quickly, especially if they have an advantage over competing applications.

In a situation where a new competitor gains traction, it can take value away from the incumbent cryptocurrency, causing its price to drop as the new competitor's price rises. Overall, competition is an important factor to consider when looking at the value of a cryptocurrency.

Internal Governance

Cryptocurrency networks typically operate according to a fixed set of rules. Some cryptocurrencies, known as governance tokens, allow stakeholders to have a say in the future of the project, including how the token is used or mined. In order for changes to be made to the protocol of a token, there must be agreement among stakeholders.

For example, the Ethereum network upgraded from a proof-of-work to a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism, making much of the expensive mining equipment obsolete. This will likely have an impact on the value of Ether.

In theory, governance tokens should rise in value as stakeholders see fit. However, the slow process of improving protocols and updating software can limit the appreciation of cryptocurrency values.

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