Non-Fungible Token (NFT): What It Means and How It Works?

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Non-Fungible Token (NFT): What It Means and How It Works?

Learn more about an NFT, or non-fungible token, and how it works.

Token Metrics Team

12 minutes

MIN

Index

Overview of Solana Blockchain

The most expensive NFT sale to date was Beeple's Everydays: The First 5000 Days, which sold for $69.3 million. This highlights the growing interest in NFTs and the potential for them to be used as a vehicle for sharing virtually any form of media using the blockchain.

But what is an NFT? Let's find out.

What is an NFT?

NFTs, or non-fungible tokens, are unique digital assets with blockchain-managed ownership. They are stored on a blockchain and cannot be replicated or destroyed, making them resistant to tampering. NFTs can represent a wide range of items, including game items, digital art, collectibles, event tickets, and even ownership records for physical assets.

Unlike traditional cryptocurrencies, which are interchangeable and can be easily replicated, NFTs are non-fungible, meaning they have unique qualities that make them one-of-a-kind. This is why NFTs have gained popularity in the art world, where they can be used to verify the authenticity of a digital artwork and ensure that it cannot be copied or stolen.

How Can We Ensure Unique Authenticity?

When someone purchases an NFT, they not only receive the artwork itself, but also a digital receipt that proves that the piece is original, unique, and authentic. This receipt is stored on the blockchain and can be easily accessed and verified by anyone who wants to confirm the ownership and authenticity of the NFT.

While it is technically possible for someone to take a screenshot of an NFT and claim that they own it, this does not give them legal ownership of the artwork. Just like taking a picture of the Mona Lisa at the Louvre does not mean that you own the painting, taking a screenshot of an NFT does not give you ownership of the artwork.

To legally own an NFT, you must purchase it using cryptocurrency and store it in a virtual showcase. This allows you to own and display your artwork in a way that is secure and verifiable, and it ensures that you are the legal owner of the NFT.

NFT Basics You Need To Know

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are unique digital files that are stored on a blockchain. A blockchain is a decentralized, public digital ledger that records every transaction that takes place on the decentralized web. This means that the entire history of an NFT, including its creator, properties, transactions, and smart contracts, is backed by a powerful blockchain.

NFTs are different from fungible tokens, such as Bitcoin or Ethereum, which are interchangeable and store value. In contrast, NFTs store data on the blockchain, making them unique and non-replicable.

Important Traits Of NFTs

Some key characteristics of NFTs include:

Digital ownership: NFTs are owned and controlled by the individuals who hold them in their digital wallets.
Permanent: The data associated with an NFT is permanently stored within the token itself. This can include images, messages, signatures, or any other data.
Permission-less: NFTs can be built on a permission-less blockchain, such as Ethereum, meaning that anyone can create and use them.
Programmable: Because an NFT is just a piece of code on a blockchain, it can be programmed to have various attributes. For example, an NFT artwork might be programmed to pay the artist royalties on every secondary sale of that artwork.
Unique: The uniqueness of an NFT can be verified on the blockchain, ensuring that it is one-of-a-kind and cannot be replicated.

How to Own One?

To create an NFT, there are several steps that you can follow:

Get your media ready: NFTs support a variety of file types, such as MP3 audio, JPG and PNG images, and 3D files like GLB.
Set up a non-custodial wallet: This will allow you to securely store the cryptocurrency that you will use to buy, sell, and create NFTs. Wallets are also necessary for signing in and creating accounts on NFT marketplaces.
Buy Ethereum or other fungible tokens: You will need to purchase cryptocurrency to cover the cost of minting your NFT.
Connect your wallet to an NFT marketplace: Popular options include Rarible and OpenSea. Connect your wallet by tapping the "Connect" button in the top right corner of the screen. This will create your account and allow you to start creating, minting, and selling your NFTs.
Upload your file and describe your asset: Once you have connected your wallet, you can upload your file to the marketplace and provide a description of your asset. Decide if you want to create a standalone piece or multiple copies of the same NFT.
Mint your NFT: The minting process requires Ethereum for transaction approvals. Once complete, your digital artwork will be ready to be traded and purchased on the marketplace.

Once you have created your NFT, there are several things that you can do with it:

Buy and sell it on a marketplace
Trade or gift it to others
Use it in apps or games
Showcase your public NFT inventory on a platform or social media.

The Secondary Markets for NFTs

NFT minting platforms enable creators to create non-fungible tokens (NFTs) to retain more control over their creative output. These NFTs can be sold on the following secondary marketplaces:

OpenSea: The first and largest marketplace for NFTs, OpenSea is committed to using open protocols like Ethereum and interoperable standards like ERC-721 and ERC-1155 to enable new digital economies. The platform allows consumers to trade items freely, creators to launch new digital works, and developers to build marketplaces for their digital items. It recently launched the beta version of its Solana-based NFT marketplace.
Coinbase NFT: Coinbase recently opened its NFT marketplace to the public in beta. The marketplace acts as a social media platform where users can buy, sell, and interact with NFTs. It aims to make minting, purchasing, showcasing, and discovering NFTs easier.
Solanart: Solanart is the first and largest fully-fledged NFT marketplace on Solana. Users can easily access digital collectibles and explore, buy, and sell NFTs that run on the Solana blockchain.
Rarible: Rarible is a do-it-yourself NFT marketplace where creators can mint NFTs with ease. The platform's native governance token, "RARI," is used to incentivize users and give the community a voice. However, unrestricted access means that Rarible has become a place for people to mint counterfeit versions of existing NFTs.
Nifty Gateway: Owned by the Gemini crypto exchange, Nifty Gateway is a popular NFT marketplace that focuses on user-friendly and viral drops by celebrated artists.
SuperRare: SuperRare (SR) is one of Ethereum's first crypto-art NFT marketplaces. Only accepted artists can participate in the platform, where users can discover, buy, and sell tokenized digital art and showcase their collections.

The demand for secondary NFT sales is growing rapidly, leading to increased competition among these marketplaces. Like the early days of Web 1 and 2.0, the emergence of Web 3.0 has created an open market where these platforms must find ways to attract and retain customers.

Some Notable NFT Projects

The thriving NFT market has led to the launch of several high-value projects, including the following companies:

Yuga Labs: a blockchain technology company that develops Ethereum-based NFTs and digital collectibles. Yuga's first project, Bored Ape Yacht Club, is one of the most valuable NFT collectibles in the space. The company has also rewarded its holders with free NFTs and other perks. Yuga Labs recently acquired Larva Labs, which brings high-value projects like Cryptopunks and Meebits under the Yuga brand. The company is backed by investors like Coinbase, Samsung, and Mark Cuban.
Doodles: a collection of 10,000 Ethereum-based NFTs featuring unique visual traits designed by BurntToast. The Doodles collection includes rare heads, costumes, and colorways, and the universe is ever-expanding. Owners of Doodles have exclusive access to new products, merchandise, and events.
Okay Bears: a collection of 10,000 Solana-based NFTs. Ownership of an Okay Bear grants access to a virtuous community that will extend beyond the internet into the real world.

‍The Future of NFTs

Blockchain technology is known for its ability to represent assets and prove ownership. NFTs take this a step further by enabling people to potentially purchase non-fungible assets like land and gold. The global market cap for gold and real estate is over $300 trillion, so even a small percentage of that being tokenized would greatly increase the total crypto market cap. Tokenized real estate offers ordinary people the opportunity to invest in real estate, which has traditionally been difficult for the average person to participate in.

NFTs also have applications in other industries. For example, Nike recently filed a patent for NFT-enabled sneakers called "CryptoKicks." In 2019, Louis Vuitton announced plans to use NFTs to track the ownership of luxury fashion items. NFTs can also be used to tokenize certifications, degrees, and licenses, as well as sensitive data like medical records. The potential for NFTs to show ownership of any non-fungible commodity, whether real or virtual, is vast.

In conclusion, the use of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has expanded beyond digital art and collectibles to include a wide range of real and virtual assets. The ability of NFTs to represent and prove ownership offers exciting possibilities for industries such as real estate, fashion, and even healthcare. As the technology and market continue to evolve, the potential applications for NFTs are endless.

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Choosing the Right Crypto API for Your Bot: REST vs WebSockets Explained

Token Metrics Team

MIN

As crypto trading automation accelerates into 2025, choosing the right API interface for your bot could be the critical difference between lagging behind or capitalizing on real-time opportunities. But when it comes to REST vs WebSocket crypto APIs, which technology should you select for power, reliability, and performance? This post details the core differences, essential trade-offs, and latest best practices for crypto API comparison, empowering you to make a technical, mission-aligned decision for your next-generation trading bot.

REST and WebSocket: Core Concepts for Crypto APIs

To understand which API protocol is optimal for your crypto bot in 2025, let’s clarify what REST and WebSocket actually do—especially in a high-frequency, automation-driven ecosystem.

The fundamental contrast: REST works in a "pull" model (request/response), while WebSockets operate in a "push" paradigm (real-time streams). This distinction plays a major role in how bots interact with exchanges and handle crypto market shifts.

Performance, Latency, and Reliability for Crypto Bots

Performance and data freshness are critical for crypto APIs in 2025. High-frequency or latency-sensitive trading bots depend on receiving accurate, instant data on price movements and order book changes.

Yet reliability considerations persist. WebSocket connections may experience drops, require reconnection logic, and occasionally miss events during high network volatility. REST, while slower, may provide more consistency under unstable conditions.

Scalability, Security, and Use Cases in Crypto API Comparison

Your crypto bot’s requirements—frequency of updates, types of orders, and compliance frameworks—may drive the API choice. Here’s how REST and WebSocket compare across scenarios relevant in 2025:

Security-wise, REST can offer granular access controls per endpoint. WebSockets, though encrypted, have unique session management and timeout considerations—especially important for bots managing real funds.

Key Trends for 2025: Making the Right Choice for Your Bot

In the ever-evolving crypto automation landscape, developers and researchers are seeing:

Ultimately, the “better” API depends on your bot’s profile: Speed-critical, event-driven bots gravitate to WebSockets, while research bots or those trading on daily signals may remain with REST. Many leading bot frameworks in 2025 offer seamless switching or even run hybrid workflows for best-in-class resilience.

Practical Tips for Comparing REST vs WebSocket Crypto APIs

When evaluating crypto APIs for your bot or automation project, consider these practical criteria:

Above all, test API performance in real-market scenarios—using sandboxes or historical replays—to ensure your bot’s architecture is future-proofed for 2025 volatility and growth.

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FAQ: REST vs WebSocket Crypto APIs for Bots in 2025

What are the main differences between REST and WebSocket APIs?

REST APIs use isolated request/response cycles and are suited for infrequent or simple queries. WebSocket APIs sustain continuous, two-way connections for real-time market data updates. The choice depends on whether your bot needs static or streaming data.

Which API type is better for real-time crypto trading bots?

WebSocket APIs are preferred for real-time trading bots due to their lower latency and ability to push instant data updates. However, implementation complexity and stability must be considered.

Can I use both REST and WebSocket in the same bot?

Yes. Many bots use REST for account management or trade execution and WebSocket for live data streams. This hybrid approach leverages the strengths of each protocol.

Are there security differences between REST and WebSocket crypto APIs?

Both protocols utilize SSL encryption and API key-based authentication, but WebSocket sessions require more careful management and regular re-authentication to prevent stale or hijacked connections.

How do I choose the right API for my crypto bot?

Assess your bot’s use case—speed versus reliability, frequency of queries, data intensity, and integration requirements. Testing both protocols with your trading logic is recommended for optimization.

Disclaimer

This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute investment, trading, or financial advice. Past performance and API platform capabilities are not guarantees of future results. Always perform independent research and technical due diligence before building or deploying trading bots or utilizing API-based automation tools.

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Avoid These Common Pitfalls When Creating Your First Crypto Trading Bot

Token Metrics Team

MIN

Coding your first crypto trading bot can be an exciting journey into algorithmic trading, automation, and the world of digital assets. But for many beginners, the path is full of unexpected hurdles. Rushing into bot development without understanding key risks can lead to costly errors, technical failures, and frustration. In this article, we break down the top mistakes to avoid when building your first crypto trading bot, and offer actionable insights so you can start your automation journey on solid ground.

Jumping in Without Market or Technical Knowledge

Many new developers are eager to start building a crypto trading bot after seeing success stories or reading about impressive returns from algorithmic strategies. However, skipping foundational learning can result in critical errors:

Limited understanding of market structure: Crypto markets operate differently from traditional assets, with unique liquidity, volatility, and trading hours.
Lack of programming proficiency: Writing robust, bug-free code is vital. Even minor logic errors can trigger unexpected trades or losses.
Neglecting data analysis: Bots rely on processed signals and historical data to inform actions. Without knowing how to interpret or validate data sources, a bot may act on false assumptions.

Before you start coding, invest time to learn how exchanges work, typical trading strategies, and the programming language you intend to use (often Python or JavaScript for most bot frameworks). Familiarize yourself with basic quantitative analysis and backtesting tools to ground your bot in solid logic.

Overlooking Risk Management Essentials

One of the most widespread beginner crypto bot mistakes is failing to build robust risk controls into the automated system. While automation can remove human error and emotion, it cannot protect you from strategy-flaws or market anomalies by default. Major risks include:

No stop-loss or position sizing: Without defined parameters, a bot could open positions too large for your portfolio or fail to exit losing trades, compounding losses.
Ignoring exchange downtime or slippage: Bots need to account for order execution issues, network delays, or sudden liquidity drops on exchanges.
Insufficient monitoring: Set-and-forget mentality is dangerous. Even well-designed bots require monitoring to handle edge-cases or technical glitches.

Consider embedding risk-limiting features. For example, restrict order sizes to a fraction of your total balance and always code for the possibility of missed, delayed, or partially filled orders.

Choosing Unstable or Unsafe Exchange APIs

APIs are the backbone of any crypto trading bot, allowing programmatic access to price data, balances, and order actions. For beginners, choosing subpar or poorly documented APIs is a frequent pitfall. Key issues include:

Insecure key storage: API keys grant powerful permissions. Storing them in plain text or repositories increases the risk of theft and account compromise.
Throttling and limits: Many exchanges impose usage limits on their APIs. Failing to handle request throttling can break your bot's functionality at critical moments.
Lack of redundancy: If your bot depends on a single API and it goes offline, your strategy can fail entirely. Good practice includes fallback data sources and error handling routines.

Take time to evaluate API documentation, community support, and reliability. Explore well-maintained libraries and modules, and always use environment variables or secure vaults for your credentials.

Failing to Backtest and Simulate Bot Performance

It's tempting to deploy your trading bot live the moment it compiles without error. However, skipping backtesting—testing your bot on historical data—or forward-testing on a demo account is a recipe for unexpected behavior. Top mistakes here include:

Curve-fitting: Over-optimizing your bot to past data makes it unlikely to work under changing real-world conditions.
Test environment differences: Bots may behave differently in a testnet/sandbox compared to mainnet, especially regarding latency and real order matching.
Poor scenario coverage: Not simulating rare but critical events (such as flash crashes or API downtime) can leave your bot vulnerable when these inevitabilities occur.

Carefully test your strategies with a range of market conditions and environments before risking live funds. Look for open-source backtesting libraries and consider using paper trading features offered by many exchanges.

Neglecting Security and Compliance Considerations

Crypto trading bots operate with sensitive account access and sometimes large balances at risk. New developers often underestimate the importance of security and regulatory compliance. Watch out for:

API abuse or leaks: Credentials, if exposed, can lead to unauthorized actions on your exchange accounts.
Open-source hazards: Downloading random code from forums or GitHub can introduce backdoors or exploits.
Compliance oversight: Depending on your location, automated trading or data collection may have legal implications. Always review exchange policies and seek out reliable, neutral sources on legal requirements before deploying trading bots.

Implement best practices for code security and stay attentive to legal developments in your jurisdiction. Avoid shortcuts that could put your assets or reputation in danger.

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What programming languages are best for building a crypto trading bot?

Most crypto trading bots are built in Python or JavaScript due to strong libraries and exchange support. Some advanced users deploy bots in Java, C#, or Go for higher performance, but Python is considered beginner-friendly.

How can I test my crypto bot safely before going live?

Start with backtesting using historical data, then use exchange-provided sandboxes or paper trading environments. This lets you observe your bot’s actual behavior without risking real money or assets.

What are best practices for managing API keys securely?

Store API keys in environment variables or encrypted vaults, restrict key permissions, and never share or publish them. Rotate keys periodically and monitor logs for unauthorized activity.

Can a crypto bot lose money even with a tested strategy?

Yes; even well-tested bots can lose money due to market changes, exchange outages, slippage, or unforeseen bugs. Continuous monitoring and updates are essential for risk control.

What tools or platforms can help beginners build better crypto trading bots?

Platforms offering real-time market data, robust APIs, and community support can help. AI-powered research tools like Token Metrics can assist with backtesting and market analysis, while open-source frameworks provide learning resources.

Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and should not be construed as investment, financial, or trading advice. Crypto trading bots carry risks, and readers should conduct thorough research and consult with professionals as appropriate. Always follow relevant laws and exchange terms of service.

Research

Mastering Binance & Coinbase APIs for Automated Crypto Trading

Token Metrics Team

MIN

Automating crypto trading with APIs is revolutionizing how traders and developers interact with digital asset markets. If you've ever wondered how to connect directly to exchanges like Binance and Coinbase, automate your strategies, or build your own trading bots, understanding their APIs is the crucial first step. This guide unpacks the essentials of using the Binance and Coinbase APIs for automated crypto trading—explaining the technology, potential use cases, and important considerations for getting started.

What Are Crypto Trading APIs?

APIs, or Application Programming Interfaces, enable software to interact directly with external services. Within cryptocurrency trading, APIs provide a standardized way for users and programs to connect with exchange platforms, fetch market data, execute trades, manage portfolios, and access account information programmatically.

Market Data: Real-time and historical prices, order books, trade volume, and related metrics.
Order Placement: Automated buying/selling, stop-loss, take-profit, and other order types.
Account Management: Retrieve balances, view transaction history, or monitor active positions and orders.

This seamless integration supports the development of sophisticated trading strategies, algorithmic trading bots, portfolio trackers, and research analytics. The most widely adopted crypto trading APIs are those offered by Binance and Coinbase, two of the largest global exchanges.

Getting Started with Binance API Trading

Binance’s API is well-documented, robust, and supports diverse endpoints for both spot and futures markets.

Create Your Binance Account: Ensure that your account is verified. Navigate to the Binance user center and access the API Management section.
Generate API Keys: Label your key, complete security authentication, and note both your API key and secret. Keep these credentials secure and never share them publicly.
API Permissions: Explicitly select only the API permissions needed (e.g., read-only for analytics, trading enabled for bots). Avoid enabling withdrawal unless absolutely necessary.
Endpoints: The Binance REST API covers endpoints for market data (public), and trading/account management (private). It also offers a WebSocket API for real-time streams.

Popular use cases for Binance API trading include automated execution of trading signals, quantitative strategy deployment, and real-time portfolio rebalancing. The official documentation is the go-to resource for development references. Consider open-source SDKs for Python, Node.js, and other languages to streamline integration.

Unlocking the Power of the Coinbase API

Coinbase provides comprehensive APIs for both its retail platform and Coinbase Advanced Trade (previously Coinbase Pro). These APIs are favored for their security and straightforward integration, especially in regulated environments.

API Creation: Log in to your Coinbase account, go to API settings, and generate an API key. Set granular permissions for activities like account viewing or trading.
Authentication: The Coinbase API uses a combination of API key, secret, and passphrase. All API requests must be authenticated for private endpoints.
Endpoints & Features: The API allows retrieval of wallet balances, transaction histories, live price data, and supports programmatic trading. The Coinbase API documentation offers detailed guides and SDKs.

Use the Coinbase API for automated dollar-cost averaging strategies, portfolio analytics, or to connect external research and trading tools to your account. Always apply IP whitelisting and two-factor authentication for heightened security.

Key Challenges and Considerations in Automated Crypto Trading

While APIs empower sophisticated trading automation, several technical and strategic considerations should be addressed:

API Rate Limits: Both Binance and Coinbase restrict the number of API calls per minute/hour. Exceeding limits can lead to throttling or IP bans, so efficient coding and request management are essential.
Security First: Secure storage of API keys, use of environment variables, and permission minimization are vital to prevent unauthorized access or loss of funds.
Handling Market Volatility: Automated trading bots must account for slippage, API latency, and unexpected market events.
Testing Environments: Utilize the exchanges’ testnet or sandbox APIs to validate strategies and avoid live-market risks during development.

For more complex strategies, combining data from multiple APIs—including on-chain analytics and AI-powered research—can provide deeper insights and help navigate uncertain market conditions.

Leveraging AI and Advanced Analytics for Crypto API Trading

The real advantage of programmatic trading emerges when combining API connectivity with AI-driven analytics. Developers can harness APIs to fetch live data and feed it into machine learning models for signal generation, anomaly detection, or portfolio optimization. Tools like Python’s scikit-learn or TensorFlow—paired with real-time data from Binance, Coinbase, and third-party sources—enable dynamic strategy adjustments based on shifting market trends.

AI agents and intelligent trading bots are increasingly built to interface directly with crypto APIs, processing complex data streams to execute trades or manage risk autonomously. Such systems benefit from robust backtesting, frequent monitoring, and a modular design to ensure security and compliance with exchange requirements.

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FAQ: How Do Binance and Coinbase APIs Compare?

Both Binance and Coinbase offer REST APIs, but Binance has broader asset coverage and advanced trading features, including futures and options support. Coinbase’s APIs prioritize security, are well-suited for U.S. users, and offer streamlined integration for both spot and advanced trade scenarios.

FAQ: What Programming Languages Can Be Used for Crypto Trading APIs?

Python, JavaScript/Node.js, and Java are the most popular choices for building automated trading bots due to the availability of SDKs and community support. Most modern APIs are RESTful and compatible with any language that can perform HTTP requests.

FAQ: How Do I Keep My API Keys Secure?

Best practices include storing API keys in environment variables, never exposing them in source code repositories, limiting permissions, and regularly rotating keys. Also, use IP whitelisting and two-factor authentication if supported by the exchange.

FAQ: Can I Use Multiple Exchange APIs Together?

Yes. Many advanced traders aggregate data and trade across several exchange APIs to increase liquidity access, compare prices, or diversify strategies. This often requires unifying different API schemas and handling each exchange’s unique rate limits and authentication protocols.

FAQ: What Are the Risks of Automated Trading with Crypto APIs?

Automated trading can lead to unintended losses if there are bugs in the code, API changes, or sudden market movements. Proper error handling, backtesting, and initial development in sandbox/testnet environments are key risk mitigation steps.

Disclaimer

This article is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute investment advice or an offer to buy or sell any cryptocurrency. Always implement robust security practices and perform due diligence before integrating or deploying automated trading solutions.

Token Metrics Media LLC is a regular publication of information, analysis, and commentary focused especially on blockchain technology and business, cryptocurrency, blockchain-based tokens, market trends, and trading strategies.

Token Metrics Media LLC does not provide individually tailored investment advice and does not take a subscriber’s or anyone’s personal circumstances into consideration when discussing investments; nor is Token Metrics Advisers LLC registered as an investment adviser or broker-dealer in any jurisdiction.

Information contained herein is not an offer or solicitation to buy, hold, or sell any security. The Token Metrics team has advised and invested in many blockchain companies. A complete list of their advisory roles and current holdings can be viewed here: https://tokenmetrics.com/disclosures.html/

Token Metrics Media LLC relies on information from various sources believed to be reliable, including clients and third parties, but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of that information. Additionally, Token Metrics Media LLC does not provide tax advice, and investors are encouraged to consult with their personal tax advisors.

All investing involves risk, including the possible loss of money you invest, and past performance does not guarantee future performance. Ratings and price predictions are provided for informational and illustrative purposes, and may not reflect actual future performance.

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