What is a Hard Fork and How Does it Work?

Crypto Basics

What is a Hard Fork and How Does it Work?

Discover what a hard fork is and how it works in blockchain technology. Learn about its impact and implementation in this comprehensive guide

S. Vishwa

5 Minutes

MIN

Index

Overview of Solana Blockchain

In the world of blockchain technology, a hard fork refers to a significant and radical change in a network's protocol. This change results in the creating of two separate branches, one following the previous protocol and the other following the new version.

Unlike a soft fork, which is a minor upgrade to the protocol, a hard fork requires all nodes or users to upgrade to the latest version of the protocol software.

Understanding Blockchain and Forks

Before delving into hard forks, it's important to understand the basics of blockchain technology. A blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions and other events in a series of blocks.

Each block contains data and a set of instructions, known as protocols, which dictate how the blockchain network functions. Because a blockchain is decentralized, any changes to its protocol need to be voted on and approved by its community of users.

When developers propose major changes or disagreements arise regarding the development of a blockchain, a hard fork may be initiated to create a new and separate blockchain.

How Does a Hard Fork Work?

When a hard fork occurs, the new version of the blockchain is no longer compatible with older versions. This creates a permanent divergence from the previous version of the blockchain.

The new rules and protocols implemented through the hard fork create a fork in the blockchain, with one path following the upgraded blockchain and the other path continuing along the old one.

Miners, who play a crucial role in verifying transactions and maintaining the blockchain, must choose which blockchain to continue verifying. Holders of tokens in the original blockchain will also be granted tokens in the new fork.

However, it's important to note that the old version of the blockchain may continue to exist even after the fork, potentially with security or performance flaws that the hard fork aimed to address.

Reasons for Hard Forks

Developers may implement a hard fork for various reasons. One common motivation is to correct significant security risks found in older versions of the software.

Hard forks can also introduce new functionality or reverse transactions, as seen in the case of the Ethereum blockchain's hard fork to address the hack on the Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO).

In 2016, the Ethereum community unanimously voted in favor of a hard fork to roll back transactions that resulted in the theft of millions of dollars worth of digital currency.

The hard fork allowed DAO token holders to retrieve their funds through a newly created smart contract. While the hard fork did not undo the network's transaction history, it enabled the recovery of stolen funds and provided failsafe protection for the organization.

Examples of Hard Forks

Hard forks have occurred in various blockchain networks, not just in Bitcoin. Bitcoin itself has witnessed several notable hard forks.

In 2014, Bitcoin XT emerged as a hard fork to increase the number of transactions per second that Bitcoin could handle. However, the project lost interest and is no longer in use.

Another significant hard fork in the Bitcoin ecosystem took place in 2017, resulting in the creation of Bitcoin Cash.

The hard fork aimed to increase Bitcoin's block size to improve transaction capacity. Subsequently, in 2018, Bitcoin Cash experienced another hard fork, leading to the emergence of Bitcoin Cash ABC and Bitcoin Cash SV.

Ethereum, another prominent cryptocurrency, also underwent a hard fork in response to the DAO hack mentioned earlier. The fork resulted in the creation of Ethereum Classic, which maintained the original blockchain and the updated Ethereum network.

Pros and Cons of Hard Forks

Hard forks offer several benefits to blockchain networks. They can address security issues, enhance the performance of a blockchain, and introduce new features or functionalities.

Hard forks also provide an opportunity for participants in a blockchain community to pursue different visions for their projects and potentially resolve disagreements.

However, hard forks also come with disadvantages. They can confuse investors when a new but similar cryptocurrency is created alongside the original.

Furthermore, hard forks may expose blockchain networks to vulnerabilities, such as 51% attacks or replay attacks. Additionally, the existence of the old version of the blockchain after a hard fork may lead to security or performance flaws that the fork aimed to fix.

Hard Forks vs. Soft Forks

While hard forks create two separate blockchains, soft forks result in a single valid blockchain. In a soft fork, the blockchain's existing code is updated, but the old version remains compatible with the new one.

This means that not all nodes or users need to upgrade to the latest version of the protocol software. The decision to implement a hard fork or a soft fork depends on a blockchain network's specific goals and requirements.

Hard forks are often favored when significant changes are necessary, even if a soft fork could potentially achieve the same outcome.

Conclusion

Hard forks play a significant role in the evolution of blockchain technology. They allow for radical changes to a network's protocol, creating new blockchains and potential improvements in security, performance, and functionality.

However, hard forks also come with risks and challenges, such as confusion among investors and possibly exposing blockchain networks to vulnerabilities.

As the blockchain industry continues to evolve, it's essential for investors and stakeholders to stay informed about proposed changes and forks in their cryptocurrency holdings.

Understanding the implications of hard forks and their potential impact on the value of crypto assets is crucial for navigating this rapidly changing landscape.

Remember, investing in cryptocurrency should be cautiously approached, especially for newcomers who are still learning how blockchain works. Stay updated, do thorough research, and seek professional advice before making investment decisions.

Disclaimer

The information provided on this website does not constitute investment advice, financial advice, trading advice, or any other advice, and you should not treat any of the website's content as such.

Token Metrics does not recommend buying, selling, or holding any cryptocurrency. Conduct your due diligence and consult your financial advisor before making investment decisions.

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Is Sui the Next Solana? A Deep Dive into L1 Competitors

Token Metrics Team

4 min

MIN

As the Layer 1 (L1) narrative continues to evolve, one blockchain has rapidly emerged as a serious contender to Solana’s throne: Sui. With growing infrastructure support and a strong focus on user experience, Sui is positioning itself as one of the most compelling L1 platforms in 2025.

Why the Sui Hype?

Sui has been gaining traction due to key integrations across the crypto ecosystem. Phantom wallet, known for its Solana roots, recently announced Sui support—putting Sui directly in the hands of thousands of users. Similarly, Axelar and LI.FI, major players in bridging and routing, have added Sui to their networks.

These integrations are not just symbolic; they’re strategic. By positioning itself as a supported chain across EVM-native infrastructure, Sui becomes more accessible and developer-friendly—critical factors for long-term adoption.

The SuiPlay Effect

Sui is also expanding beyond traditional DeFi and into consumer crypto. SuiPlay, a gaming-focused hardware device launched earlier this year, sold out in days. It marks a shift in L1 differentiation—no longer just about TPS (transactions per second), but about vertical-specific UX.

The gaming angle aligns with Sui’s broader push toward being the “consumer chain,” capturing not only dApp developers but also everyday users seeking smoother, gamified blockchain experiences.

Performance and Market Sentiment

Price action also favors Sui. While Solana bounced impressively from its post-FTX lows, Sui is now showing similar potential—with infrastructure support, developer traction, and consumer-facing products driving upward momentum.

The market seems to agree. Multiple indicators suggest Sui could outperform both Solana and Ethereum in the upcoming cycle. Its lower starting valuation also offers more upside, especially for value investors looking for the “next Solana.”

Final Thoughts

While it’s too early to crown Sui the definitive winner, all signs point to a strong L1 contender. Between integrations, product expansion, and market sentiment, Sui is carving a path worth watching—and potentially investing in.

Track Sui’s Momentum with Token Metrics

At Token Metrics, our AI-powered analytics tools help you track emerging L1 narratives like Sui in real time. From grade-based investment ratings and on-chain indicators to AI-generated bullish/bearish signals and technical scorecards, Token Metrics gives you the data you need to make smarter decisions. Explore Sui’s performance, compare it to other L1s, and stay ahead of the next market rotation—all in one dashboard.

Announcements

Launch Coin and the Rise of Internet Capital Markets

Token Metrics Team

3 min

MIN

In crypto, narratives evolve quickly—and in May 2025, a new one has captured the spotlight: Internet Capital Markets (ICM). At the center of this trend is a project called Launchcoin, which has surged over 20x in just days. But what is Launchcoin, and is this a sustainable movement or just another speculative wave?

What is Launchcoin?

Launchcoin is a protocol that lets users tokenize ideas directly from social platforms like X (formerly Twitter). Simply replying to a post with “@launchcoin + [your coin name]” can trigger the launch of a new token. The concept taps into the virality of meme coins but attempts to systematize it—making anyone with an idea a potential coin founder.

The recent buzz around Launchcoin follows a model that resembles earlier social-token projects like Clankerbot, but this one adds frictionless UX and a mobile-first approach. Some are already calling it “the TikTok of token launches.”

Is This Sustainable?

The token’s valuation surged from $0.01 to $0.24, with an FDV nearing $240M. Despite the meteoric rise, it’s worth noting that most of the current activity is speculative. At this stage, we view Launchcoin more as a trade than a long-term investment.

There are warning signs too: limited website traffic, sparse social engagement beyond one viral post, and no clear roadmap. While it’s grabbing headlines, it’s unclear how sticky this platform will be without deeper utility.

The Bigger Picture: Internet Capital Markets

Launchcoin is just the first ripple in a broader trend. ICM refers to the blending of social influence, capital formation, and blockchain—making it possible for ideas to become tradable assets in minutes. It reflects a growing appetite for spontaneous, viral, and community-led funding mechanisms.

While this space is still in its infancy, it hints at a future where capital formation isn't reserved for VCs and big-name founders but is democratized across the internet.

Final Thoughts

Launchcoin is exciting—but also risky. As with many meme-era projects, early gains may be followed by sharp corrections. Still, the rise of ICM is a signal worth watching. If future protocols can combine virality with compliance and utility, we could be witnessing the next evolution in how projects are launched—and who gets to launch them.

How Token Metrics Help You Track Emerging Narratives Like ICM

As crypto narratives evolve rapidly, tools like Token Metrics help investors stay ahead of the curve. Our platform uses AI-driven data, technical signals, and project ratings to detect early momentum in tokens like Launchcoin. With features like Bullish/Bearish Signals, Trader and Investor Grades, and curated narrative-based indices, Token Metrics enable users to evaluate trends like Internet Capital Markets with speed and precision. Whether you’re trading the hype or tracking long-term shifts, Token Metrics give you the insights needed to navigate the noise.

Crypto Basics

Ripple XRP Price Prediction: What’s Next for XRP After Its Bullish Breakout?

Token Metrics Team

3 min

MIN

Ripple (XRP) has been back in the spotlight after recent market moves—and investors are wondering: Will XRP keep going up? With a 15% surge since April 24 and growing optimism around XRP Futures ETFs, the sentiment is clearly shifting. Here's a breakdown of the latest XRP price prediction using data-driven insights from Token Metrics’ AI indicators and technical charts.

🚀 XRP Turned Bullish Before the ETF News

On April 24, Token Metrics’ proprietary AI trading indicator flashed a bullish signal on XRP—just before the approval of the ProShares XRP Futures ETF. This early signal positioned traders ahead of the 15% rally that followed.

Such predictive accuracy boosts trader confidence, especially during key market events. It reinforces the value of AI-driven trading signals in volatile crypto environments.

📊 TM Trader Grade: 88.84% – Bulls Are in Control

As of now, Token Metrics’ Trader Grade for XRP stands at a high 88.84%, signaling a strong buy. This grade reflects short-term momentum and trader sentiment, confirming that bulls currently dominate XRP’s price action.

Meanwhile, the Investor Grade—which tracks long-term fundamentals and trends—remains neutral. This suggests that while XRP is hot in the short term, long-term investors should remain cautiously optimistic.

📉 XRP Technical Analysis: Range-Bound but Primed for Breakout?

From a technical standpoint, XRP has traded sideways since December, forming a wide consolidation pattern. Key levels to watch:

Support: ~$2
Resistance: ~$2.86

This range has held for months, but with renewed interest and bullish sentiment, a breakout above $2.86 could trigger a much larger move. Traders should watch volume and ETF-related news for confirmation.

🧠 What’s Driving XRP’s Momentum?

XRP Futures ETF Approval: A major catalyst that validates institutional interest in Ripple.
AI-Powered Bullish Signal: Token Metrics’ indicators detected momentum before the market reacted.
Strong Buy Rating: A near-89% trader score indicates high conviction.

🔮 Ripple XRP Price Prediction – 2025 Outlook

With institutional products like ETFs emerging and short-term momentum picking up, XRP may soon test and potentially break above its current resistance. If bullish momentum continues:

Short-term price prediction: Retest of $2.86 and potential breakout toward $3+
Long-term outlook: Sideways consolidation remains until fundamentals or macro trends shift

✅ Conclusion: XRP Is Heating Up—But Caution Is Warranted

While XRP is showing bullish short-term potential, the long-term picture is still neutral. Traders should watch for confirmation above resistance and keep an eye on volume and ETF developments.

For more AI-powered crypto price predictions, trading signals, and investment insights, explore Token Metrics.

Token Metrics Media LLC is a regular publication of information, analysis, and commentary focused especially on blockchain technology and business, cryptocurrency, blockchain-based tokens, market trends, and trading strategies.

Token Metrics Media LLC does not provide individually tailored investment advice and does not take a subscriber’s or anyone’s personal circumstances into consideration when discussing investments; nor is Token Metrics Advisers LLC registered as an investment adviser or broker-dealer in any jurisdiction.

Information contained herein is not an offer or solicitation to buy, hold, or sell any security. The Token Metrics team has advised and invested in many blockchain companies. A complete list of their advisory roles and current holdings can be viewed here: https://tokenmetrics.com/disclosures.html/

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All investing involves risk, including the possible loss of money you invest, and past performance does not guarantee future performance. Ratings and price predictions are provided for informational and illustrative purposes, and may not reflect actual future performance.