Pump and Dump Schemes - How to Spot and Avoid Investment Scams

Crypto Basics

Pump and Dump Schemes - How to Spot and Avoid Investment Scams

Learn everything about pump and dump schemes and how to identify it, in this descriptive guide.

Token Metrics Team

7 Minutes

MIN

Index

Overview of Solana Blockchain

As the world of finance continues to evolve, new and innovative investment opportunities have emerged. However, alongside these opportunities come potential risks and scams.

One such scam that has become increasingly prevalent is the "pump and dump" scheme. In this article, we'll discuss what a pump and dump scheme is, how to spot it, and how to avoid falling victim to such investment scams.

What is Pump and Dump?

Pump and dump is a type of investment fraud used in the financial market where one or more people intentionally raise the price of a stock, crypto or other financial assets by disseminating false or deceptive information to lure investors.

Once the price has increased to the desired level, these manipulators sell their shares at a profit, leading to a decrease in price, and leaving innocent investors with securities that are either worthless or overpriced.

How Does the Pump and Dump Scheme Work?

The mechanics of a pump and dump scheme works by manipulating microcap assets, such as penny stocks or cheap cryptos, which are companies with a small market capitalization. These assets are usually traded at a very low price, and do not follow strict requirements for public listing.

Therefore, scammers can easily manipulate information about these assets. The lack of publicly available information provides fraudsters with favorable conditions since potential investors lack the necessary sources to verify all the information about a company and management.

Moreover, microcap assets are highly illiquid and have very low trading volume. As a result, even small transactions can significantly boost the asset price.

The fraudster typically starts by buying a large number of shares in that type of micro cap asset, then spreading false information about the company through various channels, such as social media, chat rooms, and email newsletters.

Once the price of the asset has been artificially inflated, the fraudsters will begin selling their holdings, realizing significant profits. As the scheme is uncovered, the price of the asset typically plummets, leaving unsuspecting investors with significant losses.

Types of Pump and Dump Schemes

There are several types of pump and dump schemes in financial world, including:

Pre-arranged pump and dump: A group of fraudsters will agree to buy a particular asset simultaneously, creating an artificial demand and price surge. Once the price has reached a certain level, the fraudsters will sell their holdings, causing the price to crash.

Social media pump and dump: Fraudsters will use social media platforms to spread false information and create hype around a particular cryptocurrency, stocks or any other asset, encouraging investors to buy. Once the price has been inflated, the fraudsters will sell their holdings.

Exchange-based pump and dump: Fraudsters will use exchanges with low liquidity to create artificial demand for a particular asset, causing the price to surge. Once the fraudsters have sold their holdings, the price typically crashes.

Role of Social Media in Pump and Dump Schemes

Social media plays a significant role in pump and dump schemes as it allows individuals to disseminate false or misleading information about a stock or cryptocurrency quickly and easily to a large audience.

Scammers may create fake social media profiles or use existing ones to promote the cryptocurrency or digital asset and spread positive news about it, encouraging others to invest. They may also use social media to organize groups of investors to buy and sell the asset at specific times to manipulate its price.

Social media platforms such as Twitter and Telegram are popular channels for these activities. Investors must be cautious and verify the accuracy of information before making investment decisions based on social media posts or messages.

Pump and Dump Examples

Here are some real-life examples of crypto pump and dump schemes:

Verge - In April 2018, the cryptocurrency Verge experienced a sudden price increase of over 300% in just a few hours. The price increase was caused by a group of individuals who coordinated a pump and dump scheme on social media platforms. The group created false hype around the cryptocurrency, which caused a massive influx of investors who were looking to get rich quickly.

Soon after the scheme was executed, the value of the cryptocurrency dropped sharply, resulting in substantial losses for investors who failed to dispose of their holdings promptly.

Dogecoin - Dogecoin is a cryptocurrency that was created as a joke in 2013 but gained a significant following due to its popularity on social media. In 2021, a group of individuals on Reddit coordinated a pump and dump scheme on Dogecoin, causing its value to increase significantly in a very short span of time.

The group created a social media campaign that encouraged investors to buy and hold Dogecoin, which caused its value to skyrocket. However, as with all pump and dump schemes, the value of the cryptocurrency eventually plummeted, causing significant losses for investors who were not able to sell their holdings in time.

How to Spot Pump and Dump?

There are several warning signs that investors can look for to spot a pump and dump scheme -

High-pressure sales tactics - Fraudsters often use high-pressure sales tactics to convince investors to buy into a stock or crypto quickly before the price goes up. They may use language such as "this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity" or "you don't want to miss out on this."

Unsolicited investment advice - Be wary of unsolicited investment advice from people you don't know, especially if it comes in the form of an email or social media message. Fraudsters may pose as legitimate investment advisors or insiders and offer tips on assets that are "about to take off."

Huge price swings - If you see a stock that is experiencing huge price swings with no apparent reason, this could be a sign of a pump and dump scheme.

Lack of information - If you can't find any information about a company or its products, this could be a red flag. Pump and dump fraudsters often create shell companies or use obscure assets to make it difficult for investors to do their due diligence.

Misleading information - Be skeptical of any information that seems too good to be true. Pump and dump fraudsters often make false or misleading statements about a company's financial health, products, or industry.

How to Avoid Pump and Dump Schemes?

Here are some tips for avoiding pump and dump investment scams:

Do your research - Before investing in any stock, crypto or other asset, do your research. Read the company's annual report, financial statements, and news articles about the company.

Be skeptical - If an investment opportunity seems too good to be true, it probably is. Be skeptical of high-pressure sales tactics, unsolicited investment advice, and promises of guaranteed returns.

Avoid small-cap cryptocurrencies or assets - Investors should be wary of investing in small-cap cryptocurrencies or assets, particularly those with low liquidity.

Use stop-loss orders - Investors can use stop-loss orders to automatically sell their holdings if the price of the cryptocurrency or assets falls below a certain level.

Diversify your portfolio - Don't put all your eggs in one basket. Diversify your portfolio by investing in a variety of stocks, bonds, cryptos and other assets. This will help minimize your risk and protect you from losses.

Use a reputable trading platform - When buying or selling assets, use a reputable trading platform only. Check the platform's credentials and make sure they are trusted, widely used and legally registered.

Is Pump and Dump illegal?

Yes, the pump and dump scheme is illegal as it involves the intentional manipulation of the price of assets through false or misleading information. This scheme is a violation of securities laws in many jurisdictions and can result in serious legal consequences for those who participate in it.

In addition to legal repercussions, individuals who fall victim to the pump and dump scheme can suffer significant financial losses. It is essential for investors to be aware of the risks associated with this fraudulent activity and to exercise caution when investing in cryptocurrencies.

The Bottom Line

In conclusion, the pump and dump scheme is a fraudulent trading strategy that manipulates the price of financial assets by artificially inflating its value resulting in illegal profits for a select group of individuals.

It is important for investors to be cautious, while making investment related decisions in the stocks, cryptos and digital assets. Since these assets can be volatile and unpredictable.

Disclaimer

The information provided on this website does not constitute investment advice, financial advice, trading advice, or any other sort of advice and you should not treat any of the website's content as such.

Token Metrics does not recommend that any cryptocurrency should be bought, sold, or held by you. Do conduct your own due diligence and consult your financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

Create Your Free Token Metrics Account

Access our Ratings Page for valuable token insights

Explore our Market Page for a comprehensive market overview

Stay in the loop with exclusive weekly Newsletters filled with insider tips and updates

Join our private Telegram group for exclusive community access

Create Your Free Account

APIs Explained: What They Are and How They Work

Token Metrics Team

MIN

APIs power much of the software you use daily — from fetching weather data in a mobile app to connecting decentralized exchanges to analytics dashboards. If youve ever wondered what an API is, why developers rely on them, and how they shape the modern web and crypto ecosystems, this guide breaks down the core concepts, common patterns, and practical steps to evaluate and use APIs effectively.

What is an API?

An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that lets different software components communicate. At a high level, an API defines how a caller requests data or functionality and how the provider responds. APIs abstract implementation details so developers can use capabilities — like retrieving market prices or sending messages — without needing to understand the providers internals.

Think of an API as a contract: a client sends a request in a specified format, and the service returns structured responses. Contracts can include endpoints, expected parameters, authentication methods, rate limits, error codes, and data schemas.

How APIs Work — a Technical Overview

Most modern APIs use web protocols (HTTP/HTTPS) and standard formats such as JSON. A typical request cycle looks like this:

Client constructs a request URL or payload, optionally including authentication credentials (API key, OAuth token).
Client sends the request to an API endpoint using a method like GET, POST, PUT, or DELETE.
Server validates the request, applies business logic, and returns a response with data or an error code.
Client parses the response and integrates it into the application.

APIs can enforce rate limits, usage quotas, and schema validation. In production systems, observability (logging, traces, metrics) and secure transport (TLS) are standard to ensure reliability and confidentiality.

Types of APIs & Common Patterns

APIs come in several styles, each with trade-offs:

REST (Representational State Transfer): Resource-oriented, uses HTTP verbs and status codes; widely adopted and easy to cache.
GraphQL: Lets clients request exactly the fields they need; reduces over-fetching but increases server complexity.
gRPC / RPC: Binary protocol for high-performance communication, often used for internal microservices.
Webhooks: Server-initiated callbacks to notify clients of events, useful for real-time notifications.

In crypto and finance, youll see specialized APIs that provide order book data, historical trades, on-chain events, and wallet actions. Public APIs are accessible with minimal barriers, while private APIs require credentials and stricter access controls.

How to Evaluate and Use an API (Practical Steps)

Choosing and integrating an API involves technical, operational, and security considerations. A concise evaluation framework:

Functionality: Does the API provide the endpoints and data formats you need? Review sample responses and SDKs.
Performance & Reliability: Check latency, uptime SLA, and historical performance metrics if available.
Security: Verify authentication schemes, encryption, data retention policies, and whether the provider supports IP allowlists or role-based access.
Costs & Rate Limits: Understand free tier limits, pricing per request, and billing granularity to budget accordingly.
Documentation & Support: High-quality docs, examples, and community support accelerate integration and troubleshooting.

When prototyping, use tools like Postman or curl to explore endpoints. Automate tests to validate responses and simulate rate limits. For production, incorporate retries with exponential backoff, circuit breakers, and monitoring to handle transient failures gracefully.

AI-driven research tools can speed analysis of API datasets by surfacing patterns and summarizing changes. For instance, applications that combine market or on-chain APIs with AI models can transform raw feeds into signals or structured insights. An example of a research platform often used for crypto analysis is Token Metrics, which demonstrates how analytics layers can complement API outputs without replacing rigorous technical validation.

Build Smarter Crypto Apps & AI Agents with Token Metrics

Token Metrics provides real-time prices, trading signals, and on-chain insights all from one powerful API. Grab a Free API Key

FAQ: What is an API?

An API (Application Programming Interface) is a documented way for software components to request services or data from one another. In web contexts, APIs typically expose endpoints over HTTP that return structured data formats such as JSON.

FAQ: How do APIs stay secure?

Common security practices include using HTTPS/TLS, API keys or OAuth for authentication, rate limiting, input validation to prevent injection attacks, and strong access control policies. Regular audits and logging help detect anomalies.

FAQ: Should I use REST or GraphQL?

REST is simple and cache-friendly; GraphQL is flexible for clients that need selective fields. Choose based on client requirements, caching needs, and team familiarity. Both can coexist in larger systems.

FAQ: How do I test an API integration?

Start with manual exploration (Postman, curl), then write automated tests for schema, error handling, rate limit behavior, and performance. Mock external APIs during unit testing and run contract tests during CI/CD.

FAQ: How are APIs used in crypto applications?

Crypto apps use APIs to fetch market prices, execute orders, read on-chain data, and stream events. Reliable APIs reduce complexity for developers but require careful handling of latency, consistency, and security.

Disclaimer

This article is for educational and informational purposes only and does not constitute investment, legal, or professional advice. Content describes technical concepts and practical evaluation steps for APIs; readers should perform independent research and consult qualified professionals when needed.

Research

APIs Explained: How They Power Software and Crypto

Token Metrics Team

MIN

APIs are the invisible connectors that let apps talk to each other. Whether you’re loading a weather widget, pulling crypto prices into a dashboard, or integrating an AI model, understanding how APIs work helps you design, evaluate, and secure systems that depend on reliable data.

What is an API?

An API—Application Programming Interface—is a clearly defined set of rules and contracts that lets one software program request services or data from another. At its core an API specifies how to format requests, what endpoints are available, what parameters are accepted, and how the provider will respond. Think of it as a menu at a restaurant: you pick dishes (requests), the kitchen prepares them (the service), and the waiter returns your order (the response) without exposing internal cooking processes.

APIs exist at many levels: operating system APIs expose filesystem and device operations, library APIs expose functions and classes, and web APIs expose remote services across networks. In modern web and mobile development, "API" often refers to HTTP-based interfaces that return structured data like JSON or XML.

How APIs Work: Requests, Responses, and Data Formats

Most web APIs operate on a request–response model. A client issues a request to a defined endpoint using a method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE), optionally supplying parameters or a payload. The server processes the request and returns a response with a status code and body.

Key technical elements to understand:

Endpoints: URLs that map to resources or actions (e.g., /v1/prices).
HTTP Methods: Semantic actions (GET = read, POST = create, etc.).
Status Codes: 2xx successes, 4xx client errors, 5xx server errors.
Data Formats: JSON is ubiquitous for APIs due to its simplicity; XML and protobufs appear in legacy or high-performance systems.
Authentication & Authorization: API keys, OAuth tokens, JWTs, and mTLS govern who can access which endpoints.
Rate Limits & Quotas: Providers throttle requests to protect infrastructure and ensure fair use.

Real-time APIs may use WebSockets or server-sent events for streaming data rather than repeated HTTP polling. Designing for observability—clear logs, metrics, and error messages—improves operational resilience.

Common API Types and Protocols

Different projects require different API styles. Choosing a style depends on latency, flexibility, compatibility, and developer experience needs.

REST: Representational State Transfer emphasizes resources and standard HTTP verbs. RESTful APIs are easy to cache and widely supported.
GraphQL: Clients request exactly the fields they need in a single query, reducing over-fetching. GraphQL adds flexibility but requires careful performance tooling.
SOAP: An XML-heavy protocol that offers strict contracts and built-in standards for security and transactions; common in enterprise systems.
gRPC / Protobuf: High-performance RPC frameworks for microservices with compact binary payloads and strict typing.
Webhooks: Reverse-style APIs where a service pushes events to your endpoint, useful for near-real-time notifications without polling.

APIs are often packaged with SDKs for languages like Python, JavaScript, or Go to simplify integration. Documentation, example requests, and interactive consoles dramatically improve adoption.

APIs in Crypto and AI: Use Cases and Considerations

APIs are central to crypto and AI ecosystems. In crypto, APIs provide market data (prices, order books), on-chain insights (transaction history, token balances), and node RPC endpoints for smart contract interaction. AI systems use APIs to host inference endpoints, orchestrate models, and integrate external data sources for context.

Key considerations when selecting or building APIs for these domains:

Data Accuracy: In finance and blockchain, stale or inconsistent data can lead to incorrect analysis. Verify timestamps, aggregation logic, and reconciliation methods.
Latency and Throughput: Trading or real-time analytics may require low-latency streaming or websocket feeds instead of periodic REST calls.
Security: Protect API keys, enforce least privilege, use encrypted transport (HTTPS/TLS), and monitor for anomalous request patterns.
Reliability: Redundancy, caching strategies, and graceful degradation help maintain service if a provider faces outages.
Compliance & Privacy: Understand data retention, user privacy, and jurisdictional constraints when handling labeled or personal data.

Tools like Token Metrics combine market and on-chain data with AI to support research workflows that depend on reliable API feeds and model-driven signals.

Build Smarter Crypto Apps & AI Agents with Token Metrics

Token Metrics provides real-time prices, trading signals, and on-chain insights all from one powerful API. Grab a Free API Key

What is the difference between REST and GraphQL?

REST exposes multiple endpoints representing resources; clients may need several calls to assemble data. GraphQL exposes a single query endpoint where clients request precisely the fields they need. REST is simpler to cache; GraphQL offers flexibility but can require extra server-side tooling to manage complex queries and performance.

How do I secure an API key?

Never embed keys in client-side code. Store keys in secure server environments or secrets managers, rotate keys periodically, apply scope and rate limits, and monitor usage. Implementing short-lived tokens and IP whitelisting adds protection for sensitive endpoints.

When should I use webhooks instead of polling?

Use webhooks when you need event-driven, near-real-time notifications and want to avoid the overhead of frequent polling. Webhooks push updates to your endpoint, but require you to handle retries, verify payload signatures, and secure the receiving endpoint.

Can I build an API for my blockchain node?

Yes. Many projects wrap node RPCs with REST or GraphQL layers to standardize queries and add caching, rate limiting, and enrichment (e.g., token metadata). Be mindful of node sync status, resource consumption, and privacy considerations when exposing node endpoints.

How do I evaluate an API provider?

Assess API documentation quality, uptime/SLAs, latency, data freshness, authentication options, and support channels. Request sample data, test in sandbox environments, and compare pricing with expected usage. For crypto use cases, verify on-chain data coverage and reconciliation methods.

Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes and does not constitute investment advice or recommendations. Evaluate APIs, platforms, and tools against your own requirements and compliance obligations before use.

Token Metrics API

Free Crypto API: Build Smarter Crypto Apps at Zero Cost

Sam Monac

6 min

MIN

What Is a Free Crypto API?

A free crypto API gives developers access to cryptocurrency data without upfront costs. Think of it as a bridge between raw blockchain/market data and your application. APIs let you pull:

Real-time token prices and charts
Historical data for backtesting and research
Market cap, liquidity, and trading volumes
On-chain metrics such as wallet flows
AI-driven trading signals and predictive insights

Free tiers are invaluable for prototyping apps, dashboards, and bots. They let you validate ideas quickly before paying for higher throughput or advanced endpoints.

Why Developers Use Free Crypto APIs

Free crypto APIs aren’t just about saving money—they’re about learning fast and scaling smart:

Zero-Cost Entry – Start building MVPs without financial risk.
Rapid Prototyping – Test ideas like dashboards, bots, or AI agents quickly.
Market Exploration – Access broad coverage of tokens before committing.
Growth Path – Once demand grows, upgrade to premium tiers seamlessly.

📌 Tip: Use multiple free crypto APIs in parallel during early development. This helps you benchmark speed, reliability, and accuracy.

Key Features of the Token Metrics Free API

The Token Metrics free tier goes beyond basic price feeds by offering:

Real-Time Prices – Live data on Bitcoin, Ethereum, and thousands of tokens.
AI Trading Signals – Bull/Bear indicators that help power smarter strategies.
Secure Access – Encrypted endpoints with key-based authentication.
30 Days of History – Enough to prototype backtests and analytics features.

Unlike many free crypto APIs, Token Metrics API provides both price data and intelligence, making it ideal for developers who want more than surface-level metrics.

Comparing Free Crypto APIs: Strengths & Trade-offs

CoinGecko & CoinMarketCap
- Pros: Huge token coverage, great for charts and tickers.
- Cons: Limited historical and no predictive analytics.
CryptoCompare
- Pros: Rich historical tick-level data, good for backtesting.
- Cons: Free tier limits depth and call volume.
Glassnode
- Pros: Strong on-chain insights.
- Cons: Many advanced datasets require paid access.
Alchemy & Infura
- Pros: Node-level blockchain access for dApp builders.
- Cons: Not designed for trading or analytics—raw blockchain data only.
Token Metrics
- Pros: Real-time prices, AI signals, and on-chain analytics in one free tier.
- Cons: Rate limits apply (upgrade available for higher throughput).

Popular Use Cases: From Bots to Dashboards

AI Crypto Trading Bots – Start testing automation using live prices and bull/bear signals.
Crypto Dashboards – Aggregate token ratings, prices, and trends for end users.
Research Tools – Run small-scale backtests with 30-day historical data.
Learning Projects – Ideal for students or developers exploring crypto APIs.

📌 Real-world example: Many developers use the Token Metrics free tier to prototype bots that later scale into production with paid plans.

Best Practices for Using Free Crypto APIs

Start with Prototypes – Test multiple free APIs to compare reliability and latency.
Track Rate Limits – Free tiers often throttle requests (e.g., 5 req/min at Token Metrics).
Combine Data Sources – Use Token Metrics for signals + CoinGecko for broad coverage.
Secure Keys – Treat even free API keys as sensitive credentials.
Prepare to Upgrade – Build flexible code so you can switch tiers or providers easily.

Beyond Token Metrics: Other Free Resources Worth Knowing

DefiLlama API – Free coverage of DeFi protocols, yields, and TVL.
Dune Analytics – Query blockchain data with SQL for free.
TradingView Widgets – Embed charts directly into dashboards.
Santiment API – Free endpoints for social/sentiment analytics.

These can complement Token Metrics. For example, you could combine Token Metrics signals + DefiLlama DeFi data + TradingView charts into one unified dashboard.

How to Get Started With the Token Metrics Free API

Sign Up for a free Token Metrics account.
Generate Your API Key instantly from your dashboard.
Check the Docs for endpoints, examples, and code snippets.
Prototype Your App with real-time prices and signals.
Upgrade When Ready to unlock larger datasets and more endpoints.

👉 Grab Your Free Token Metrics API Key

FAQs About Free Crypto APIs

What can I access with Token Metrics Free API?
Live token prices, bull/bear trading signals, and 30 days of historical data.

Are free APIs reliable for production?
Not recommended—free tiers are best for prototypes. Paid tiers ensure reliability and scale.

What are the rate limits?
500 calls/month, 5 requests/minute, and 1 WebSocket connection.

Can I use the free API for trading bots?
Yes—ideal for prototyping. For production-level bots, upgrade for more throughput.

Scaling Beyond Free: Paid Plans & X.402

When your project outgrows free limits, Token Metrics offers flexible upgrades:

Pay-Per-Call (X.402) – As low as $0.017 per call, unlimited usage, no commitment.
Advanced Plan ($999.99/year) – 20,000 calls/month, indices & indicators, 3 WebSockets.
Premium Plan ($1,999.99/year) – 100,000 calls/month, AI agent + reports, 3 years of history.

With up to 35% off using TMAI tokens, scaling is cost-efficient.

📌 Why X.402 matters: Instead of committing upfront, you can grow gradually by paying per call—perfect for startups and side projects.

Build Smarter, Scale Easier

Free APIs help you start quickly and learn fast. Token Metrics gives you more than prices—it adds AI-powered signals and intelligence. Combine it with other free APIs, and you’ll have a toolkit that’s powerful enough for experimentation and flexible enough to scale into production.

👉 Create Your Free Token Metrics Account and Start Building

‍

Token Metrics Media LLC is a regular publication of information, analysis, and commentary focused especially on blockchain technology and business, cryptocurrency, blockchain-based tokens, market trends, and trading strategies.

Token Metrics Media LLC does not provide individually tailored investment advice and does not take a subscriber’s or anyone’s personal circumstances into consideration when discussing investments; nor is Token Metrics Advisers LLC registered as an investment adviser or broker-dealer in any jurisdiction.

Information contained herein is not an offer or solicitation to buy, hold, or sell any security. The Token Metrics team has advised and invested in many blockchain companies. A complete list of their advisory roles and current holdings can be viewed here: https://tokenmetrics.com/disclosures.html/

Token Metrics Media LLC relies on information from various sources believed to be reliable, including clients and third parties, but cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of that information. Additionally, Token Metrics Media LLC does not provide tax advice, and investors are encouraged to consult with their personal tax advisors.

All investing involves risk, including the possible loss of money you invest, and past performance does not guarantee future performance. Ratings and price predictions are provided for informational and illustrative purposes, and may not reflect actual future performance.

Sign up in seconds