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Top ZK Rollup Projects in 2024 - Token Metrics Moon Awards

Uncover the top ZK Rollup technology of 2024 with the Token Metrics Moon Awards. Discover the future of scaling solutions.
Token Metrics Team
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Welcome to the Token Metrics Moon Awards, a prestigious cryptocurrency industry accolade that recognizes platforms, projects, and initiatives that have significantly impacted the industry. The latest addition to the Moon Awards is the Top ZK Rollup in 2024.

Selection Process

At Token Metrics, we emphasize our audience, considering them the foundation of our operations. Our selection process is firmly rooted in engaging with the community, ensuring that our awards' results authentically reflect crypto enthusiasts' sentiments and experiences.

Through engagement with our community members, we have compiled a comprehensive list of the Top ZK Rollup in 2024 based on extensive survey data and user votes.

This guide aims to explore ZK Rollups in-depth, highlighting their advantages and considerations, alongside an overview of top ZK rollup projects slated to dominate in 2024.

What are ZK Rollups?

ZK Rollup is a transformative layer-2 scaling solution that enhances blockchain scalability and efficiency by moving computation and state storage off the main chain. They operate by:

  • Bundling Transactions: Transactions are aggregated into batches and processed off-chain. This method significantly reduces the on-chain footprint, lowering gas costs and increasing throughput.
  • Zero-Knowledge Proofs: A core feature of ZK Rollups is using zero-knowledge proofs to validate transactions off-chain before finalizing them on the main chain. This ensures that all transactions are legitimate without revealing any underlying data, thus preserving privacy and security.
  • On-Chain Data Storage: ZK Rollups store transaction data on the layer-1 network while the computation is done off-chain. This approach maintains the integrity and security of the blockchain, leveraging the robustness of the base-layer network for settlement purposes.

Operators play a crucial role in managing these rollups, which can be either a centralized sequencer or a decentralized proof-of-stake system with validators. 

This flexibility allows for different governance models, further enhancing the adaptability of ZK Rollups to various blockchain ecosystems. 

Moreover, advancements like the zero-knowledge EVM (zkEVM) are pushing the boundaries of what's possible, enabling more complex computations and applications to benefit from the scalability and efficiency of ZK Rollups.

List of Top ZK Rollups in 2024

As the blockchain ecosystem evolves, ZK rollup projects are at the forefront of addressing scalability and efficiency challenges. 

Here's a closer look at some of the top ZK rollup projects set to make significant impacts in 2024:

Top ZK Rollups
Image Source - Token Metrics Moon Awards

1. zkSync

In the Moon Awards survey, zkSync secured the top position with 49.8% of the total votes.

zkSync Era emerges as a leading ZK rollup, revolutionizing Ethereum transactions through scalable, low-cost solutions. Its design closely mirrors Ethereum, ensuring a seamless experience for developers and users. Here's a breakdown of its standout features:

Compatibility and User Experience:

  • Smart contracts in Solidity/Vyper are fully compatible with EVM.
  • Supports familiar Ethereum clients and wallets like Metamask and TrustWallet.
  • Web3 API compatibility, easing the transition for Ethereum developers.

Innovative Features and Security:

  • Transitioning towards decentralization for enhanced security.
  • Native account abstraction and support for ECDSA signatures.
  • zkPorter mode offers a balance between high security and reduced fees.

Development and Transaction Efficiency:

  • Instant confirmations and rapid finality on L1.
  • Extremely low transaction fees, payable with ERC20 tokens.
  • Hardhat plugin and custom compilers (zksolc and zkvyper) for streamlined smart contract development.

zkSync Era stands out for its Ethereum-like environment, decentralization roadmap, and innovative features like zkPorter, making it a top choice for those seeking efficient, secure blockchain transactions.

2. Polygon zkEVM

In the Moon Awards survey, Polygon zkEVM secured the 2nd position with 26.7% of the total votes.

Polygon zkEVM emerges as a beacon in the landscape of zk rollup projects, heralding a new era of scalability and security for Ethereum. 

This open-source, EVM-equivalent zk-Rollup is not just live but thriving, powered by the cutting-edge Polygon Zero technology. Here's a closer look at its defining attributes:

Key Features:

  • EVM Equivalence: Maintains full compatibility with Ethereum, allowing existing smart contracts, developer tools, and wallets to operate without any modifications.
  • Low Cost: Leverages ZK proofs to drastically reduce transaction costs, making it an economical choice for developers and users.
  • High Performance: Achieves fast network finality and employs the world's fastest ZK-proof technology for swift and efficient transaction processing.

Security and Scalability:

  • Inherits Ethereum's robust security at Layer 2, enhanced by L2 batching capabilities.
  • Utilizes ZK proofs to ensure the validity of transactions, safeguarding user funds against potential threats.

Polygon zkEVM Stats and Resources:

  • Metrics such as average gas fees, total value locked (TVL), and active wallets are readily available, offering insights into its growing ecosystem.
  • Developers and enthusiasts can access many resources, including technical documentation, GitHub repositories, and educational materials from Polygon University.

Polygon zkEVM stands out for its technical prowess and commitment to a secure, scalable, and developer-friendly environment, setting a new standard for zk rollup projects.

3. Starknet

In the Moon Awards survey, Starknet secured the 3rd position with 12% of the total votes.

Starknet, a prominent player in the ZK rollup arena, has consistently demonstrated its commitment to enhancing Ethereum's scalability and efficiency. 

Notably, Starknet was EIP-4844 ready from the get-go, swiftly enabling the blob function post-Dencun upgrade, dramatically lowering transaction fees to an average of $0.017. This move underscores Starknet's agility and foresight in adapting to Ethereum's evolving landscape.

Innovations and Upgrades:

  • V0.13.2: Introduces concurrent execution of independent transactions, boosting throughput and minimizing latency.
  • V0.13.3: Incorporates Cairo Native project by LambdaClass into the Starknet sequencer, facilitating direct execution on x86 architecture. This accelerates transaction execution significantly.
  • Data Availability (DA) Enhancements: These upgrades enable hybrid DA on Starknet, allowing dApps to store data directly on Starknet rather than Ethereum. This shift reduces end-user transaction costs and optimizes the batching of L1 costs.

Starknet's roadmap reveals a strategic focus on reducing fees and enhancing network performance. Also, Starknet's exploration into Data Availability Compression and the introduction of parallel transaction functionality highlight its dedication to achieving a scalable, efficient, and user-friendly platform. 

These advancements are expected to position Starknet as a powerhouse in zk rollup technology, significantly outpacing Ethereum's computational capabilities by the end of 2024.

4. Linea

In the Moon Awards survey, Linea secured the 4th position with 6.3% of the total votes.

Developed by Consensys, Linea is a ZK-Rollup designed to significantly enhance Ethereum's scalability by processing transactions off-chain. 

This innovative approach reduces the data each transaction records on-chain and employs zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to verify the validity of transactions without revealing their contents. Here's a closer look at Linea's key features:

EVM Compatibility & User Experience:

  • Fully EVM-compatible, allowing developers to use the same code for Linea's Layer-2 as they would for Ethereum's Layer-1.
  • Integration with popular Web3 products such as MetaMask and Infura, ensuring a seamless user experience akin to Ethereum's mainnet but with faster speeds and significantly lower transaction costs.

Scalability & Security Enhancements:

  • Utilizes lattice-based cryptography for ZKPs, believed to resist quantum computer attacks, providing a secure foundation for transactions.
  • Offers instant transaction finality with a multi-prover approach to minimize implementation risks, further securing the network.

Innovative Technology & Community Engagement:

  • Features a new outer proof system, Vortex, for fast proof generation and self-recursion, enhancing transaction privacy and efficiency.
  • Engages the developer community with initiatives like a major NFT collection launch and a hackathon with prizes up to $50,000, fostering innovation and participation.

Linea's approach to enhancing Ethereum's scalability, security, and user experience positions it as a leading project in ZK Rollup technology, promising a more efficient and scalable blockchain ecosystem.

5. Scroll

In the Moon Awards survey, Scroll secured the 5th position with 3% of the total votes.

Scroll is a pioneering Layer 2 network meticulously crafted by Ethereum developers for their peers, aiming to extend Ethereum's capabilities through cutting-edge zero-knowledge technology and seamless EVM compatibility. 

This initiative ensures that existing Ethereum applications can transition to Scroll with minimal friction and at reduced costs, fostering a more efficient blockchain ecosystem. Here's a snapshot of Scroll's standout features:

EVM Compatibility and Ease of Migration:

  • Bytecode-level compatibility with Ethereum, ensuring a plug-and-play experience for developers.
  • The simplified migration process for Ethereum apps significantly cut down operational costs.

Innovative Zero-Knowledge Proof Technology:

  • Utilizes advanced ZK proofs and battle-tested EVM models for enhanced security and reliability.
  • Regular audits and a multi-layered security approach underscore its commitment to maintaining a secure network.

Community-Centric Development and Scalability:

  • Open development ethos, closely involving the Ethereum community from the outset.
  • Plans for decentralized proof and multiple validators to democratize network governance.
  • It aims to halve cross-chain costs, support EIP 1559 transaction types, and enable parallel EVM execution for superior scalability.

Scroll's architecture, embracing a settlement, sequencing, and proving layer and the possibility of anyone becoming a roller by staking SCR, its native token, highlights its innovative approach to reducing proving costs and ensuring decentralized network participation.

Conclusion

As the blockchain ecosystem continues to grow and encounter new challenges, the advancements in ZK Rollup technology showcased by projects detailed in this guide present a promising path forward.

Projects like zkSync, Polygon zkEVM, Starknet, Linea, and Scroll have been spotlighted not only for their innovative approach to addressing Ethereum's scalability challenges but also for their contributions to a more efficient, secure, and user-friendly blockchain environment.

Their developments mark a pivotal moment in the evolution of layer-2 solutions, reinforcing the essential role of ZK Rollups in the broader adoption and optimization of blockchain technology.

Disclaimer

The information provided on this website does not constitute investment advice, financial advice, trading advice, or any other advice, and you should not treat any of the website's content as such.

Token Metrics does not recommend buying, selling, or holding any cryptocurrency. Conduct your due diligence and consult your financial advisor before making investment decisions.

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Token Metrics: AI-powered crypto research and ratings platform. We help investors make smarter decisions with unbiased Token Metrics Ratings, on-chain analytics, and editor-curated “Top 10” guides. Our platform distills thousands of data points into clear scores, trends, and alerts you can act on.
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Token Metrics Team
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Recent Posts

Research

Best Insurance Protocols (DeFi & Custodial) 2025

Sam Monac
7 min
MIN

Why Crypto Insurance Matters in September 2025

The search intent here is commercial investigation: investors want safe ways to protect on-chain and custodied assets. This guide ranks the best insurance protocols 2025 across DeFi and regulated custodial coverage so you can compare options quickly.
Definition: Crypto (DeFi) insurance helps cover losses from smart-contract exploits, exchange halts, custodian breaches, or specific parametric events; custodial insurance typically protects assets held by qualified trustees or platforms under defined “crime”/theft policies.

In 2025, larger treasuries and yield strategies are back, while counterparty and contract risk remain. We focus on real cover products, payout track records, and regulated custodial policies—using only official sources. Secondary considerations include DeFi insurance, crypto custodial insurance, and smart contract coverage capacity, claims handling, and regional eligibility.

How We Picked (Methodology & Scoring)

  • Liquidity (30%): size/capacity, ability to pay valid claims; for custodians, insurance limits and capital backing.

  • Security (25%): audits, disclosures, claim processes, regulated status where applicable.

  • Coverage (15%): breadth of products (protocol, depeg, custody, parametric, etc.) and supported chains.

  • Costs (15%): premiums/fees relative to cover; clear fee pages.

  • UX (10%): buying experience, documentation, transparency.

  • Support (5%): documentation, response channels, claims guidance.

Data sources: official product/docs, transparency/security pages, and audited/claims pages; market datasets only for cross-checks. Last updated September 2025.

Top 10 Crypto Insurance Providers in September 2025

1. Nexus Mutual — Best for broad DeFi coverage and claims history

  • Why Use It: A member-owned mutual offering protocol, exchange halt, and depeg covers, with a transparent claims ledger and multi-year payout track record. Members vote on claims, and the docs detail cover wordings and product types.

  • Best For: Advanced DeFi users, DAOs/treasuries, funds seeking bespoke on-chain risk cover.

  • Notable Features: Claims history ledger; multiple cover products (protocol/exchange/depeg); membership + staking model.

  • Fees Notes: Membership fee required; premiums vary by product pool (see cover pages).
  • Regions: Global (KYC for membership).
  • Consider If: You’re comfortable with discretionary, member-voted claims.

  • Alternatives: InsurAce, Neptune Mutual.

2. InsurAce — Best multi-chain DeFi marketplace

  • Why Use It: Multi-chain cover marketplace with a wide menu of protocol/exchange risk options and an established brand. Useful for builders and users who want flexible terms across ecosystems.
  • Best For: Multi-chain DeFi participants, LPs, power users.

  • Notable Features: Diverse cover catalog; staking/supply side; docs and dApp UI focused on ease of purchase.
  • Fees Notes: Premiums vary per pool/cover; check dApp quotes.

  • Regions: Global (subject to app access and eligibility).

  • Consider If: You prefer marketplace variety but can evaluate pool capacity.

  • Alternatives: Nexus Mutual, Neptune Mutual.

4. Sherlock — Best for protocol teams needing post-audit coverage

  • Why Use It: Full-stack security provider (audit contests, bounties) with Sherlock Shield coverage that helps protocols mitigate losses from smart-contract exploits. Strong fit for teams bundling audits + coverage.
  • Best For: Protocol founders, security-first teams, DAOs.

  • Notable Features: Audit marketplace; exploit coverage; payout process tailored for teams.
  • Fees Notes: Pricing depends on scope/coverage; engage sales.

  • Regions: Global.

  • Consider If: You need coverage tightly integrated with audits.

  • Alternatives: Chainproof, Nexus Mutual.

3. OpenCover— Best for Community-Driven, Transparent Coverage

Why Use It: OpenCover is a decentralized insurance protocol that leverages community-driven liquidity pools to offer coverage against smart contract exploits and other on-chain risks. Its transparent claims process and low-cost structure make it an attractive option for DeFi users seeking affordable and reliable insurance solutions.

Best For: DeFi users, liquidity providers, and investors looking for community-backed insurance coverage.

Notable Features:

  • Community-governed liquidity pools

  • Transparent and automated claims process

  • Low-cost premiums

  • Coverage for smart contract exploits and on-chain risks

Fees/Notes: Premiums are determined by the liquidity pool and the level of coverage selected.

Regions: Global (subject to dApp access).

Consider If: You value community governance and transparency in your insurance coverage.

Alternatives: Nexus Mutual, InsurAce.

5. Chainproof — Best for regulated smart-contract insurance

  • Why Use It: A regulated insurer for non-custodial smart contracts, incubated by Quantstamp; positions itself with compliant, underwritten policies and 24/7 monitoring.
  • Best For: Enterprises, institutions, and larger protocols requiring regulated policies.

  • Notable Features: Regulated insurance; Quantstamp lineage; monitoring-driven risk management.
  • Fees Notes: Premiums/policy terms bespoke.

  • Regions: Global (subject to policy jurisdiction).

  • Consider If: You need compliance-grade coverage for stakeholders.

  • Alternatives: Sherlock, Nexus Mutual.

6. Nayms — Best on-chain insurance marketplace for brokers/carriers

  • Why Use It: A regulated (Bermuda DABA Class F) marketplace to set up tokenized insurance pools and connect brokers, carriers, investors, and insureds—bringing alternative capital on-chain.
  • Best For: Brokers/carriers building crypto-native insurance programs; larger DAOs/TSPs.

  • Notable Features: Segregated Accounts (SAC) structure; tokenized pools; full lifecycle (capital → premiums → claims).
  • Fees Notes: Platform/program fees vary; institutional setup.

  • Regions: Global (Bermuda framework).

  • Consider If: You’re creating—not just buying—insurance capacity.

  • Alternatives: Chainproof, institutional mutuals.

7. Etherisc — Best for parametric flight/crop and specialty covers

  • Why Use It: Pioneer in parametric blockchain insurance with live Flight Delay Protection and other modules (e.g., crop, weather, depeg). On-chain products with automated claims.
  • Best For: Travelers, agritech projects, builders of niche parametric covers.

  • Notable Features: Flight delay dApp (Base/USDC); crop/weather modules; transparent policy pages.
  • Fees Notes: Premiums quoted per route/peril.

  • Regions: Global (product-specific availability).

  • Consider If: You need clear, data-triggered payouts.

  • Alternatives: Arbol (climate parametrics), Neptune Mutual.

8. Tidal Finance — Best for Coverage on Niche DeFi Protocols
Why Use It: Tidal Finance focuses on providing coverage for niche and emerging DeFi protocols, offering tailored insurance products for new and innovative projects. Tidal's dynamic risk assessments allow it to offer specialized coverage options for specific protocols.
Best For: Users and protocols seeking insurance for niche DeFi projects with specific risk profiles.
Notable Features:

  • Coverage for high-risk, niche DeFi protocols

  • Dynamic pricing based on real-time risk assessments

  • Flexible policy terms
    Fees/Notes: Premiums based on the risk profile of the insured protocol.
    Regions: Global.
    Consider If: You need tailored insurance coverage for emerging or specialized DeFi projects.
    Alternatives: Nexus Mutual, Amulet Protocol.

9. Subsea (formerly Risk Harbor) — Best for automated, rules-based claims

  • Why Use It: An algorithmic risk-management marketplace with objective, automated claims—reducing discretion and bias in payouts. (Risk Harbor rebranded to Subsea.)
  • Best For: Users who prefer invariant, programmatic claim triggers.

  • Notable Features: Automated payout logic; transparent market mechanics; simulator for underwriting/buying protection.
  • Fees Notes: Premiums and returns vary by pool.

  • Regions: Global (dApp access).

  • Consider If: You want automation over DAO voting.

  • Alternatives: Neptune Mutual, Amulet.

10. BitGo Custody (with Insurance) — Best custodial coverage for institutions

  • Why Use It: Qualified custody with up to $250M in digital-asset insurance capacity for assets where keys are held by BitGo Trust; clearly communicated policy framework and bankruptcy-remote structures.
  • Best For: Funds, corporates, and service providers needing regulated custody plus insurance.

  • Notable Features: Qualified custody; SOC reports; policy covers specific theft/loss scenarios.
  • Fees Notes: Custody/asset-based fees; insurance embedded at the custodian level.

  • Regions: Global (jurisdiction-specific entities).

  • Consider If: You want a regulated custodian with published insurance capacity.

  • Alternatives: Gemini Custody, Anchorage Digital (note: no FDIC/SIPC).

Decision Guide: Best By Use Case

  • Largest DeFi product breadth: Nexus Mutual, InsurAce.
  • Fastest/parametric claims: Neptune Mutual, Etherisc.
  • Regulated policy needs (enterprise): Chainproof, Nayms.
  • Solana-first portfolios: Amulet.
  • Fully automated claims (no governance): Subsea (ex-Risk Harbor).
  • Custodial with published insurance limits: BitGo; also Gemini Custody (hot+cold coverage).

How to Choose the Right Crypto Insurance (Checklist)

  • Verify eligibility/region and any KYC requirements.

  • Check coverage type (protocol exploit, exchange halt, depeg, parametric, custody crime).

  • Review capacity/liquidity and payout records/ledgers.

  • Compare premiums/fees against insured amounts and deductibles.

  • Evaluate claims process (discretionary vote vs. parametric/automated).

  • Confirm security posture (audits, monitoring, disclosures).

  • Test UX & support (docs, ticketing, community).

  • Red flags: unclear policy wordings; promises of “FDIC-like” protection for crypto (rare/not applicable).

Use Token Metrics With Any Insurance Provider

  • AI Ratings to screen tokens and protocol risk signals.
  • Narrative Detection to spot shifting risk/coverage demand.

  • Portfolio Optimization to size insured vs. uninsured exposures.

  • Alerts to track incident news and coverage expiries.
    Workflow: Research → Select cover/custody → Execute → Monitor with alerts.


Primary CTA: Start free trial

Security & Compliance Tips

  • Enable strong 2FA and segregate wallets for covered vs. uncovered positions.

  • For custodial solutions, understand exact insurance scope and exclusions.
  • Follow KYC/AML where required (e.g., Nexus Mutual membership).
  • For protocols, complement insurance with audits/bounties and incident response runbooks.
  • Maintain wallet hygiene (hardware, allow-list, spend limits).

This article is for research/education, not financial advice.

Beginner Mistakes to Avoid

  • Assuming all losses are covered—read policy wordings.
  • Buying cover after an incident is known/underway.

  • Ignoring chain/app coverage constraints.

  • Letting cover lapse during major upgrades or liquidity migrations.

  • Believing custodial insurance = FDIC/SIPC (it doesn’t).

FAQs

What’s the difference between DeFi insurance and custodial insurance?
DeFi insurance protects on-chain actions (e.g., smart-contract exploits or depegs), often via discretionary voting or parametric rules. Custodial insurance covers specific theft/loss events while assets are held by a qualified custodian under a crime policy; exclusions apply.

How do parametric policies work in crypto?
They pre-define an objective trigger (e.g., flight delay, protocol incident), enabling faster, data-driven payouts without lengthy investigations. Etherisc (flight) and Neptune Mutual (incident pools) are examples.

Is Nexus Mutual regulated insurance?
No. It’s a member-owned discretionary mutual where members assess claims and provide capacity; see membership docs and claim pages

Do custodial policies cover user mistakes or account takeovers?
Typically no—policies focus on theft from the custodian’s systems. Review each custodian’s definitions/exc Gemini’s hot/cold policy scope).

What if I’m primarily on Solana?
Consider Amulet for Solana-native cover; otherwise, verify cross-chain support from multi-chain providers.

Which providers are regulated?
Chainproof offers regulated smart-contract insurance; Nayms operates under Bermuda’s DABA framework for on-chain insurance programs.

Conclusion + Related Reads

If you need breadth and track record, start with Nexus Mutual or InsurAce. For parametric, faster payouts, look at Neptune Mutual or Etherisc. Building institutional-grade risk programs? Consider Chainproof or Nayms. If you hold assets with a custodian, confirm published insurance capacity—BitGo and Gemini Custody are good benchmarks.

Related Reads:

  • Best Cryptocurrency Exchanges 2025

  • Top Derivatives Platforms 2025

  • Top Institutional Custody Providers 2025

‍

Research

Top Smart Contract Auditors (2025)

Sam Monac
7 min
MIN

Why Smart Contract Security Auditors Matter in September 2025

Smart contracts are the critical rails of DeFi, gaming, and tokenized assets—one missed edge case can freeze liquidity or drain treasuries. If you’re shipping on EVM, Solana, Cosmos, or rollups, smart contract auditors provide an independent, methodical review of your code and architecture before (and after) mainnet. In one line: a smart contract audit is a systematic assessment of your protocol’s design and code to find and fix vulnerabilities before attackers do.

This guide is for founders, protocol engineers, PMs, and DAOs comparing audit partners. We combined SERP research with hands-on security signals to shortlist reputable teams, then selected the best 10 for global builders. Secondary considerations—like turnaround time, formal methods, and public report history—help you match the right firm to your stack and stage.

How We Picked (Methodology & Scoring)

  • Liquidity (30%) – We favored firms that regularly secure large TVL protocols and L2/L3 infrastructure (a proxy for real-world risk tolerance).

  • Security (25%) – Depth of reviews, formal methods, fuzzing/invariants, internal QA, and disclosure practices.

  • Coverage (15%) – Chains (EVM, Solana, Cosmos, Move), ZK systems, cross-chain, and infra.

  • Costs (15%) – Transparent scoping, rate signals, and value versus complexity.

  • UX (10%) – Developer collaboration, report clarity, suggested fixes.

  • Support (5%) – Follow-ups, retests, and longer-term security programs.

Data inputs: official service/docs pages, public audit report portals, rate disclosures where available, and widely cited market datasets for cross-checks. Last updated September 2025.

Top 10 Smart Contract Auditors in September 2025

1. OpenZeppelin — Best for Ethereum-native protocols & standards

  • Why Use It: OpenZeppelin sets the bar for Ethereum security reviews, blending deep code review with fuzzing and invariant testing. Their team maintains widely used libraries and brings ecosystem context to tricky design decisions. Audits are collaborative and issue-tracked end to end.
  • Best For: DeFi protocols, token standards/bridges, ZK/infra components, L2/L3 projects.
  • Notable Features: Multi-researcher line-by-line reviews; fuzzing & invariants; Defender integrations; public customer stories.
  • Consider If: Demand may affect near-term availability; enterprise pricing.
  • Alternatives: ConsenSys Diligence, Sigma Prime
  • Regions: Global
  • Fees/Notes: Quote-based.

2. Trail of Bits — Best for complex, high-risk systems

  • Why Use It: A security research powerhouse, Trail of Bits excels on complicated protocol architectures and cross-component reviews (on-chain + off-chain). Their publications and tools culture translate into unusually deep findings and actionable remediation paths.
  • Best For: Novel consensus/mechanisms, bridges, MEV-sensitive systems, multi-stack apps.
  • Notable Features: Custom tooling; broad ecosystem coverage (EVM, Solana, Cosmos, Substrate, Starknet); thorough reporting.
  • Consider If: Lead times can be longer; premium pricing.
  • Alternatives: Runtime Verification, Zellic
  • Regions: Global
  • Fees/Notes: Quote-based.

3. Sigma Prime — Best for Ethereum core & DeFi heavyweights

  • Why Use It: Sigma Prime combines practical auditing with core protocol experience (they build Lighthouse, an Ethereum consensus client), giving them unusual depth in consensus-adjacent DeFi and infra. Strong track record across blue-chip protocols.
  • Best For: Lending/AMMs, staking/validators, client-adjacent components, LSTs.
  • Notable Features: Deep EVM specialization; transparent technical writing; senior engineering bench.
  • Consider If: Primary focus is EVM; limited non-EVM coverage compared to others.
  • Alternatives: OpenZeppelin, ChainSecurity
  • Regions: Global
  • ‍Fees/Notes: Quote-based.

4. ConsenSys Diligence — Best for Ethereum builders wanting tooling + audit

  • Why Use It: Backed by ConsenSys, Diligence pairs audits with developer-facing tools and education, making it ideal for teams that want process maturity (prep checklists, fuzzing, Scribble specs). Broad portfolio and clear audit portal.
  • Best For: Early-to-growth stage Ethereum teams, rollup apps, token launches.
  • Notable Features: Audit portal; Scribble specification; fuzzing; practical prep guidance.
  • Consider If: Primarily Ethereum; non-EVM work may require scoping checks.
  • Alternatives: OpenZeppelin, ChainSecurity
  • Regions: Global
  • Fees/Notes: Quote-based.

5. ChainSecurity — Best for complex DeFi mechanisms & institutions

  • Why Use It: Since 2017, ChainSecurity has audited many flagship DeFi protocols and works with research institutions and central banks—useful for mechanism-dense systems and compliance-sensitive partners. Public report library is extensive.
  • Best For: Lending/leverage, automated market design, enterprise & research tie-ups.
  • Notable Features: Senior formal analysis; large library of public reports; mechanism design experience.
  • Consider If: Scheduling can book out during heavy DeFi release cycles.
  • Alternatives: Sigma Prime, Runtime Verification
  • Regions: Global
  • ‍Fees/Notes: Quote-based.

6. Runtime Verification — Best for formal methods & proofs

  • Why Use It: RV applies mathematical modeling to verify contract behavior—ideal when correctness must be proven, not just reviewed. Transparent duration guidance and verification-first methodology stand out for high-assurance finance and bridges.‍
  • Best For: Bridges, L2/L3 protocols, safety-critical DeFi, systems needing formal guarantees.‍
  • Notable Features: Design modeling; proof-oriented analysis; published methodology; verification experts.‍
  • Consider If: Formal methods add time/scope; ensure timelines fit launch plans.‍
  • Alternatives: Trail of Bits, ChainSecurity‍
  • Regions: Globall
  • ‍Fees/Notes: Time/cost scale with LoC & rigor.

7. Spearbit (via Cantina) — Best for assembling elite ad-hoc review teams

  • Why Use It: Spearbit curates a network of top security researchers and spins up tailored teams for high-stakes reviews. Public “Spearbook” docs outline a transparent process and base rates—useful for planning and stakeholder alignment.
  • Best For: Protocols needing niche expertise (ZK, MEV, Solana, Cosmos) or rapid talent assembly.
  • Notable Features: Researcher leaderboard; portfolio of reports; flexible scoping; public methodology.
  • Consider If: Marketplace model—experience can vary; align on leads and scope early.
  • Alternatives: Zellic, Trail of Bits
  • Regions: Global • Fees/Notes: Base rate guidance published; final quotes vary.

8. Zellic — Best for offensive-security depth & cross-ecosystem coverage

  • Why Use It: Founded by offensive researchers, Zellic emphasizes real-world exploit paths and releases practical research/tools (e.g., Masamune). Strong results across EVM, cross-chain, and high-value targets.
  • Best For: Cross-chain systems, DeFi with complicated state machines, performance-critical code.
  • Notable Features: Offensive mindset; tool-assisted reviews; transparent research blog.
  • Consider If: Premium scope; verify bandwidth for urgent releases.
  • Alternatives: OtterSec, Trail of Bits
  • Regions: Global • Fees/Notes: Quote-based.

9. OtterSec — Best for Solana, Move, and high-velocity shipping teams

  • Why Use It: OtterSec partners closely with fast-shipping teams across Solana, Sui, Aptos, and EVM, with a collaborative style and visible customer logos across top ecosystems. Useful when you need pragmatic feedback loops and retests.
  • Best For: Solana & Move projects, cross-chain bridges, wallets, DeFi apps.
  • Notable Features: Holistic review method; $1B+ in vulnerabilities patched (self-reported); active blog & reports.
  • Consider If: Verify scope for non-Move/Solana; high demand seasons can fill quickly.
  • Alternatives: Zellic, Halborn
  • Regions: Global • Fees/Notes: Quote-based.

10. Halborn — Best for enterprise-grade programs & multi-service security

  • Why Use It: Halborn serves both crypto-native and financial institutions with audits, pentesting, and advisory; SOC 2-type attestations and steady cadence of public assessments support enterprise procurement.
  • Best For: Exchanges, fintechs, large DeFi suites, and teams needing full-stack security partners.
  • Notable Features: Audit portal & reports; enterprise processes; broader security services.
  • Consider If: Quote-based pricing; confirm dedicated smart-contract reviewers for your stack.
  • Alternatives: ConsenSys Diligence, Trail of Bits
  • Regions: Global • Fees/Notes: Quote-based.

Decision Guide: Best By Use Case

  • Ethereum DeFi blue-chips: OpenZeppelin, Sigma Prime
  • High-assurance/formal proofs: Runtime Verification, ChainSecurity
  • Novel mechanisms / complex cross-stack: Trail of Bits
  • Rapid team assembly / niche experts (ZK/MEV): Spearbit
  • Solana & Move ecosystems: OtterSec, Zellic
  • Enterprise programs & multi-service: Halborn, ConsenSys Diligence
  • Audit + developer tooling/process: ConsenSys Diligence, OpenZeppelin

How to Choose the Right Smart Contract Auditors (Checklist)

  • Confirm chain coverage (EVM/Solana/Cosmos/Move/ZK) and prior similar audits.
  • Review public reports for depth, reproductions, and clarity of recommendations.
  • Ask about fuzzing/invariants and formal methods on high-risk components.
  • Validate availability & timelines vs. your launch and retest windows.
  • Align on scope & deliverables (threat model, PoCs, retest, disclosure).
  • Clarify pricing (fixed/LoC-based, review period, retests).
  • Check secure comms (issue trackers, PGP, private repos) and follow-up support.
  • Red flags: “rubber-stamp” promises, guaranteed pass, or refusal to publish a report summary.

Use Token Metrics With Any Auditor

  • AI Ratings screen sectors and assets before you commit dev cycles.
  • Narrative Detection spots momentum so audits align with market timing.
  • Portfolio Optimization balances audited vs. unaudited exposure.
  • Alerts/Signals track unlocks, governance, and risk events post-launch.

‍Workflow: Research → Select auditor → Execute fixes/retest → Monitor with alerts.


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Security & Compliance Tips

  • Enforce 2FA/hardware keys across repos and infra.
  • Separate ops wallets from treasury; use MPC or HSM where appropriate.
  • Align with KYC/AML and disclosures if raising or listing.
  • Use bug bounties and continuous scanning after the audit.
  • Practice key rotation, access reviews, and incident-response drills.

This article is for research/education, not financial advice.

Beginner Mistakes to Avoid

  • Treating an audit as a one-time checkbox instead of an iterative security program.
  • Scoping only Solidity without reviewing off-chain components and oracles.
  • Shipping major changes post-audit without a delta review.
  • Publishing reports without fix verification.
  • Ignoring test coverage, fuzzing, and invariant specs.

FAQs

What does a smart contract audit include?
Typically: architecture review, manual code analysis by multiple researchers, automated checks (linters, fuzzers), proof-of-concept exploits for issues, and a final report plus retest. Depth varies by scope and risk profile.

How long does an audit take?
From a few weeks to several months, depending on code size, complexity, and methodology (e.g., formal verification can extend timelines). Plan for time to remediate and retest before mainnet.

How much do audits cost?
Pricing is quote-based and driven by complexity, deadlines, and team composition. Some networks (e.g., Spearbit) publish base rate guidance to help with budgeting.

Do I need an audit if my code is forked?
Yes. Integration code, parameter changes, and new attack surfaces (bridges/oracles) can introduce critical risk—even if upstream code was audited.

Should I publish my audit report?
Most credible teams publish at least a summary. Public reports aid trust, listings, and bug bounty participation—while enabling community review.

What if we change code after the audit?
Request a delta audit and update your changelog. Major logic changes merit a retest; minor refactors may need targeted review.

Conclusion

Choosing the right auditor depends on your stack, risk tolerance, and timelines. For Ethereum-first teams, OpenZeppelin, Sigma Prime, and ConsenSys Diligence stand out. If you need high-assurance proofs or tricky mechanisms, look to Runtime Verification, ChainSecurity, or Trail of Bits. Solana/Move builders often pick OtterSec or Zellic. For flexible, elite review pods, Spearbit is strong.

Research

Best Newsletters & Independent Analysts (2025)

Sam Monac
7 min
MIN

Why Crypto Newsletters & Independent Analysts Matter in September 2025

In a market that never sleeps, the best crypto newsletters 2025 help you filter noise, spot narratives early, and act with conviction. In one line: a great newsletter or analyst condenses complex on-chain, macro, and market structure data into clear, investable insights. Whether you’re a builder, long-term allocator, or active trader, pairing independent analysis with your own process can tighten feedback loops and reduce decision fatigue. In 2025, ETF flows, L2 expansion, AI infra plays, and global regulation shifts mean more data than ever. The picks below focus on consistency, methodology transparency, breadth (on-chain + macro + market), and practical takeaways—blending independent crypto analysts with data-driven research letters and easy-to-digest daily briefs.

Secondary intents we cover: crypto research newsletter, on-chain analysis weekly, and “who to follow” for credible signal over hype.

How We Picked (Methodology & Scoring)

  • Scale & authority (liquidity = 30%): Reach, frequency, and signals that move or benchmark the market (ETF/flows, L2 metrics, sector heat).

  • Security & transparency (25%): Clear disclosures, methodology notes, sources of data; links to security/research pages when applicable.

  • Coverage (15%): On-chain + macro + sector breadth; BTC/ETH plus L2s, DeFi, RWAs, AI infra, and alt cycles.

  • Costs (15%): Free tiers, reasonable paid options, and clarity on what’s gated.

  • UX (10%): Digestible summaries, archives, and skim-ability.

  • Support (5%): Reliability of delivery, community, and documentation.
    Data sources used: official sites/newsletter hubs, research/security pages, and widely cited datasets (Glassnode, Coin Metrics, Kaiko, CoinShares) for cross-checks. Last updated September 2025.

Top 10 Crypto Newsletters & Independent Analysts in September 2025

1. Bankless — Best for Daily Crypto & Web3 Digests

  • Why Use It: Bankless offers an approachable Daily Brief and deeper thematic series that balance top-of-funnel news with actionable context. If you want a consistent, skimmable daily pulse on crypto, DeFi, and Ethereum, this is a staple.

  • Best For: Busy professionals, founders, new-to-intermediate investors, narrative spotters.

  • Notable Features: Daily Brief; weekly/thematic issues; Ethereum-centric takes; large archive; clear disclosures.

  • Fees Notes: Generous free tier; optional paid communities/products.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: The Defiant, Milk Road

  • Consider If: You want daily breadth and a friendly voice more than deep quant.

2. The Defiant — Best for DeFi-Native Coverage

  • Why Use It: The Defiant’s daily/weekly letters and DeFi Alpha cut straight to on-chain happenings, new protocols, and governance. Expect fast DeFi coverage with practical trader/investor context.

  • Best For: DeFi power users, yield seekers, DAO/governance watchers.

  • Notable Features: DeFi-focused daily; weekly recaps; Alpha letter; strong reporting cadence.

  • Fees Notes: Free newsletter options; premium research tiers available.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: Bankless, Delphi Digital

  • Consider If: Your focus is DeFi first and you want timely protocol insights.

3. Messari – Unqualified Opinions — Best for Institutional-Grade Daily Takes

  • Why Use It: Messari’s daily market commentary and analyst notes are crisp, data-aware, and aligned with institutional workflows. Great for staying current on stablecoins, venture, and macro-market structure.

  • Best For: Funds, analysts, founders, policy/market observers.

  • Notable Features: Daily commentary; stablecoin weekly; venture weekly; archives; research ecosystem.

  • Fees Notes: Free newsletters with deeper research available to paying customers.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: Delphi Digital, Coin Metrics SOTN

  • Consider If: You value concise institutional context over tutorials.

4. Delphi Digital – Delphi Alpha — Best for Thematic Deep Dives

  • Why Use It: Delphi marries thematic research (AI infra, gaming, L2s) with market updates and timely unlocks of longer reports. Great when you want conviction around medium-term narratives.

  • Best For: Venture/allocators, founders, narrative investors.

  • Notable Features: “Alpha” newsletter; report previews; cross-asset views; long-form research.

  • Fees Notes: Free Alpha letter; premium research memberships available.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: Messari, The Defiant

  • Consider If: You prefer thesis-driven research over daily headlines.

5. Glassnode – The Week On-Chain — Best for On-Chain Market Structure

  • Why Use It: The industry’s flagship weekly on-chain letter explains BTC/ETH supply dynamics, holder cohorts, and cycle health with charts you’ll see cited everywhere.

  • Best For: Traders, quants, macro/on-chain hybrid readers.

  • Notable Features: Weekly on-chain; clear frameworks; historical cycle context; free subscription option.

  • Fees Notes: Free newsletter; paid platform tiers for advanced metrics.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: Coin Metrics SOTN, Into The Cryptoverse

  • Consider If: You want a single, rigorous on-chain read each week.

6. Coin Metrics – State of the Network — Best for Data-First Research Notes

  • Why Use It: SOTN blends on-chain and market data into weekly essays on sectors like LSTs, stablecoins, and market microstructure. It’s authoritative, neutral, and heavily cited.

  • Best For: Researchers, desk strategists, product teams.

  • Notable Features: Weekly SOTN; special insights; transparent data lineage; archives.

  • Fees Notes: Free newsletter; enterprise data products available.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: Glassnode, Kaiko Research

  • Consider If: You want clean methodology and durable references.

7. Kaiko Research Newsletter — Best for Liquidity & Market Microstructure

  • Why Use It: Kaiko’s research distills exchange liquidity, spreads, and derivatives structure across venues—useful for routing, slippage, and institutional execution context.

  • Best For: Execution teams, market makers, advanced traders.

  • Notable Features: Data-driven notes; liquidity dashboards; exchange/venue comparisons.

  • Fees Notes: Free research posts; deeper tiers for subscribers/clients.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: Coin Metrics, Messari

  • Consider If: You care about where liquidity actually is—and why it moves.

8. CoinShares – Digital Asset Fund Flows & Market Update — Best for ETF/Institutional Flow Watchers

  • Why Use It: Weekly Fund Flows and macro wrap-ups help you track institutional positioning and sentiment—especially relevant in the ETF era.

  • Best For: Allocators, macro traders, desk strategists.

  • Notable Features: Monday flows report; Friday market update; AuM trends; asset/region breakdowns.

  • Fees Notes: Free reports.

  • Regions: Global (some content segmented by jurisdiction)

  • Alternatives: Glassnode, Messari

  • Consider If: You anchor decisions to capital flows and risk appetite.

9. Milk Road — Best for Quick, Conversational Daily Briefs

  • Why Use It: A fast, witty daily that makes crypto easier to follow without dumbing it down. Great second screen with coffee—good for catching headlines, airdrops, and memes that matter.

  • Best For: Busy professionals, newcomers, social-narrative trackers.

  • Notable Features: Daily TL;DR; approachable tone; growing macro/AI crossover.

  • Fees Notes: Free newsletter; sponsored placements disclosed.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: Bankless, The Defiant

  • Consider If: You want speed and simplicity over deep quant.

10. Lyn Alden – Strategic Investment Newsletter — Best for Macro That Actually Impacts Crypto

  • Why Use It: Not crypto-only—yet hugely relevant. Lyn’s macro letters cover liquidity regimes, fiscal/monetary shifts, and energy/AI cycles that drive risk assets, including BTC/ETH.

  • Best For: Long-term allocators, macro-minded crypto investors.

  • Notable Features: Free macro letters; archives; occasional crypto-specific sections; clear frameworks.

  • Fees Notes: Free with optional premium research.

  • Regions: Global

  • Alternatives: Messari, Delphi Digital

  • Consider If: You want a macro north star to frame your crypto thesis.

Decision Guide: Best By Use Case

  • DeFi-native coverage: The Defiant

  • Daily crypto pulse (friendly): Bankless or Milk Road

  • Institutional-style daily notes: Messari – Unqualified Opinions

  • Thematic, thesis-driven research: Delphi Digital

  • On-chain cycle health: Glassnode – Week On-Chain

  • Data-first weekly (methodology): Coin Metrics – SOTN

  • Liquidity & venue quality: Kaiko Research

  • ETF & institutional positioning: CoinShares Fund Flows

  • Macro framing for crypto: Lyn Alden

How to Choose the Right Crypto Newsletter/Analyst (Checklist)

  • Region/eligibility: confirm signup availability and any paywall constraints.

  • Breadth vs. depth: daily skim (news) vs. weekly deep dives (research).

  • Data lineage: on-chain and market sources are named and reproducible.

  • Fees & value: what’s free vs. gated; consider team needs (PM vs. research).

  • UX & cadence: archives, searchable tags, consistent schedule.

  • Disclosures: positions, sponsorships, methodology explained.

  • Community/support: access to Q&A, office hours, or active forums.

  • Red flags: vague performance claims; undisclosed affiliations.

Use Token Metrics With Any Newsletter/Analyst

  • AI Ratings to screen sectors/tokens surfacing in the letters you read.
  • Narrative Detection to quantify momentum behind themes (L2s, AI infra, RWAs).

  • Portfolio Optimization to size convictions with risk-aware allocations.

  • Alerts/Signals to time entries/exits as narratives evolve.
    Workflow: Research in your favorite newsletter → shortlist in Token Metrics → execute on your venue of choice → monitor with Alerts.

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Security & Compliance Tips

  • Enable 2FA on your email client and any research platform accounts.

  • Verify newsletter domains and unsubscribe pages to avoid phishing.

  • Respect KYC/AML and regional rules when acting on research.

  • For RFQs/execution, confirm venue liquidity and slippage.

  • Separate reading devices from hot-wallets; practice wallet hygiene.

This article is for research/education, not financial advice.

Beginner Mistakes to Avoid

  • Treating a newsletter as a signal service—use it as input, not output.

  • Ignoring methodology and disclosures.

  • Chasing every narrative without a sizing framework.

  • Subscribing to too many sources—prioritize quality over quantity.

  • Not validating claims with primary data (on-chain/flows).

FAQs

What makes a crypto newsletter “best” in 2025?
Frequency, methodological transparency, and the ability to translate on-chain/macro signals into practical takeaways. Bonus points for archives and clear disclosures.

Are the top newsletters free or paid?
Most offer strong free tiers (daily or weekly). Paid tiers typically unlock deeper research, models, or community access.

Do I need both on-chain and macro letters?
Ideally yes—on-chain explains market structure; macro sets the regime (liquidity, rates, growth). Pairing both creates a more complete view.

How often should I read?
Skim dailies (Bankless/Milk Road) for awareness; reserve time weekly for deep dives (Glassnode/Coin Metrics/Delphi).

Can newsletters replace analytics tools?
No. Treat them as curated insight. Validate ideas with your own data and risk framework (Token Metrics can help).

Which is best for ETF/flows?
CoinShares’ weekly Fund Flows is the go-to for institutional positioning, complemented by Glassnode/Coin Metrics on structure.

Conclusion + Related Reads

If you want a quick pulse, pick a daily (Bankless or Milk Road). For deeper conviction, add one weekly on-chain (Glassnode or Coin Metrics) and one thesis engine (Delphi or Messari). Layer macro (Lyn Alden) to frame the regime, and use Token Metrics to quantify what you read and act deliberately.

Related Reads:

  • Best Cryptocurrency Exchanges 2025

  • Top Derivatives Platforms 2025

  • Top Institutional Custody Providers 2025

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