Crypto Basics

Types of Stablecoins: A Complete Guide for 2025

Discover the types of stablecoins—fiat-backed, crypto-backed, algorithmic, and commodity-based. Learn how they work, their pros and cons, and which is best for your crypto strategy in 2025.
Token Metrics Team
8 min
MIN

The cryptocurrency market is famous for volatility—Bitcoin can swing by thousands of dollars in a day, and altcoins can rise or crash in hours. But what if you need price stability? That’s where stablecoins come in.

Stablecoins are digital currencies pegged to stable assets like the US dollar, gold, or even algorithmically maintained price levels. They bridge the gap between the speed and efficiency of blockchain technology and the reliability of traditional money.

As of 2025, stablecoins account for over $140 billion in circulating supply, making them essential for traders, investors, and decentralized finance (DeFi) users. But not all stablecoins are the same—different types use different mechanisms to maintain their stability, each with unique pros and cons.

In this guide, we’ll break down the types of stablecoins, how they work, their risks, and which might be best for your needs.

What Are Stablecoins?

A stablecoin is a cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value by pegging its price to a reference asset. Most stablecoins are pegged to fiat currencies like the U.S. dollar (e.g., 1 USDT ≈ $1), but some track commodities (like gold) or are algorithmically balanced to hold value.

They are widely used for:

  • Trading: Moving quickly in and out of volatile assets.
  • DeFi: Providing liquidity, borrowing, and earning yields.
  • Remittances: Sending low-cost, fast cross-border payments.
  • Hedging: Protecting against crypto market volatility.

Types of Stablecoins

There are four main types of stablecoins:

  1. Fiat‑Collateralized Stablecoins
  2. Crypto‑Collateralized Stablecoins
  3. Algorithmic (Non‑Collateralized) Stablecoins
  4. Commodity‑Backed Stablecoins

Each has a different method of maintaining its peg. Let’s break them down.

1. Fiat‑Collateralized Stablecoins

Definition:
These are backed 1:1 by traditional currencies like the U.S. dollar, euro, or yen. For every stablecoin issued, an equivalent amount of fiat is held in reserve by a trusted custodian.

How They Work:
If you buy 1 USDC, Circle (its issuer) holds $1 in a regulated bank account or short-term U.S. Treasury securities. When you redeem that stablecoin, the issuer sends you the equivalent amount in fiat and burns the coin.

Examples:

  • Tether (USDT) – Largest stablecoin by market cap; widely used on exchanges.
  • USD Coin (USDC) – Issued by Circle, fully regulated and audited.
  • TrueUSD (TUSD) – Offers real-time attestation of reserves.
  • PayPal USD (PYUSD) – Launched by PayPal for payments and DeFi.

Pros:

  • High stability – Pegged directly to fiat.
  • Transparent – Many provide audits and attestations.
  • Easy adoption – Ideal for traders, merchants, and payment platforms.

Cons:

  • Centralization – Custodians control reserves and can freeze accounts.
  • Regulatory risks – Subject to government oversight.
  • Less transparency for some issuers – (e.g., Tether faced scrutiny over its reserves).

2. Crypto‑Collateralized Stablecoins

Definition:
These are backed by cryptocurrencies like Ethereum or Bitcoin instead of fiat. Because crypto is volatile, these stablecoins are overcollateralized (e.g., $150 in ETH backs $100 in stablecoins).

How They Work:
When you mint a crypto-backed stablecoin like DAI, you deposit collateral (e.g., ETH) into a smart contract. If the collateral value drops too much, the contract automatically liquidates some assets to maintain the peg.

Examples:

  • DAI – Issued by MakerDAO, backed by ETH, USDC, and other assets.


  • sUSD – A synthetic USD issued by Synthetix.
  • MIM (Magic Internet Money) – Collateralized by multiple crypto assets.

Pros:

  • Decentralized – No single company controls reserves.
  • Transparent – All collateral balances are viewable on-chain.
  • Resistant to censorship – Issuers can’t freeze accounts.

Cons:

  • Volatility risk – Collateral can lose value quickly, requiring liquidations.
  • Overcollateralization – Ties up more capital than fiat-backed options.
  • Complexity – Requires understanding of DeFi mechanics.

3. Algorithmic (Non‑Collateralized) Stablecoins

Definition:
These don’t use physical reserves. Instead, they maintain their peg via algorithmic supply adjustments—minting or burning tokens to balance price around $1.

How They Work:
If demand increases and the price rises above $1, the protocol mints more coins. If it falls below $1, the protocol burns coins or incentivizes users to buy them back.

Examples:

  • Ampleforth (AMPL) – Elastic supply adjusts daily.
  • UST (TerraUSD) – Infamously collapsed in 2022 after its peg broke.
  • Frax (FRAX) – Uses a hybrid model: partly collateralized, partly algorithmic.

Pros:

  • Highly capital-efficient – Doesn’t require large reserves.
  • Decentralized – Often governed by smart contracts and DAOs.

Cons:

  • Peg instability – Prone to “death spirals” when market confidence drops.
  • Complex mechanisms – Harder for average users to understand.
  • History of failures – UST/LUNA crash eroded trust in algorithmic coins.

4. Commodity‑Backed Stablecoins

Definition:
These stablecoins are pegged to commodities like gold, silver, or oil, giving them intrinsic value beyond fiat.

How They Work:
For every coin issued, an equivalent amount of the commodity is held in a secure vault. For example, owning 1 PAX Gold (PAXG) means you own 1 troy ounce of physical gold stored by the issuer.

Examples:

  • PAX Gold (PAXG) – Backed by physical gold.


  • Tether Gold (XAUT) – Gold-backed token from Tether.
  • Digix Gold (DGX) – Pegged to gold bars in Singapore vaults.

Pros:

  • Hedge against inflation – Commodities like gold retain value during economic uncertainty.
  • Diversification – Offers exposure to both crypto and commodities.

Cons:

  • Low liquidity – Less widely used than fiat-backed stablecoins.
  • Storage & audit challenges – Requires trust in the issuer to maintain reserves.

Why Do Stablecoins Matter?

Stablecoins are the backbone of DeFi and crypto trading.

  • Trading & arbitrage: They provide a quick way to exit volatile positions without converting back to fiat.
  • Cross-border payments: Cheaper and faster than SWIFT or remittance services.
  • DeFi participation: Essential for lending, borrowing, yield farming, and liquidity pools.
  • On-ramp/off-ramp: They simplify converting between traditional finance and blockchain.

Which Type of Stablecoin Should You Use?

If you want simplicity & security: Go with fiat-backed coins like USDC or PYUSD.

If you value decentralization: Choose crypto-collateralized options like DAI.

If you’re comfortable with high risk: Explore algorithmic models like FRAX (but beware of peg risks).

If you want inflation protection: Consider commodity-backed coins like PAXG.

Key Risks of Stablecoins

  • Regulation: Governments are increasing oversight of fiat-backed coins.
  • Centralization: Some issuers can freeze funds or blacklist wallets.
  • Smart contract risks: DeFi-based stablecoins can suffer from bugs or exploits.
  • Peg breaks: Algorithmic models are especially vulnerable to confidence loss.

The Future of Stablecoins

In 2025, stablecoins are evolving to meet regulatory and market demands:

  • Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs): Governments are issuing digital dollars and euros, potentially competing with stablecoins.
  • Regulated issuers: Projects like USDC are working closely with regulators to ensure compliance.
  • Hybrid models: Combining fiat and algorithmic elements (e.g., Frax) to enhance stability.

As DeFi expands and global adoption grows, stablecoins will remain at the heart of crypto finance.

Final Thoughts

Stablecoins are more than just “digital dollars.” They’re a critical bridge between traditional finance and blockchain innovation.

  • Fiat-backed stablecoins bring stability and ease of use.
  • Crypto-collateralized ones offer transparency and decentralization.
  • Algorithmic models push innovation but carry higher risks.
  • Commodity-backed coins provide a hedge against inflation and diversify exposure.

Choosing the right type depends on your risk tolerance, use case, and trust level. Whether for trading, saving, or participating in DeFi, understanding the types of stablecoins can help you navigate the crypto ecosystem with confidence.

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Token Metrics Team
Token Metrics Team

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Security and reliability are intrinsic: rate limits, API keys, OAuth flows, TLS encryption, and schema validation help maintain integrity and availability. Observability — logs, metrics, and tracing — allows teams to debug integrations and measure performance.

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APIs power many familiar scenarios across industries. Common types and examples:

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  • Data Freshness & Coverage: For time-sensitive systems, confirm update frequency and historical depth.
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  1. Sandbox: Start with a sandbox environment or test key to validate behavior safely.
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What is the difference between an API and a web service?

An API is a broader concept describing an interface for software interaction. A web service is a specific kind of API that uses web protocols (usually HTTP) to exchange data. Not all APIs are web services (some use binary RPC), but most public APIs today are web-based.

How do I authenticate with an API?

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How do I secure API keys and secrets?

Never hard-code secrets in client-side code. Store keys in secure vaults, use environment variables for servers, restrict keys by origin/IP, and rotate keys on a regular schedule.

What formats do APIs typically use for data?

JSON is the dominant format due to readability and language support. XML remains in some legacy systems. Binary formats like Protocol Buffers are used where performance and compact size are priorities.

How do APIs enable AI and automation?

APIs expose data and model capabilities that AI agents can call for retrieval, scoring, and orchestration. Combining data APIs with model APIs allows automated workflows that augment research and decision-support processes.

Disclaimer

This article is for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute professional, legal, or financial advice. Evaluate APIs and tools based on your own technical, legal, and operational requirements before integrating them into production systems.

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How to Evaluate and Use an API: Practical Checklist

Choosing and integrating an API is a mix of technical evaluation and operational planning. Use this checklist:

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  2. Rate limits and pricing: Understand throughput limits, cost per request, and billing models to avoid surprises.
  3. Data consistency and latency: For real-time needs, measure update frequency and response times.
  4. Authentication and security: Prefer APIs that use robust auth (OAuth, API keys with scoped permissions) and TLS encryption.
  5. Error handling and retries: Check how errors are communicated and design idempotent requests or backoff strategies.
  6. SDKs and language support: Availability of client libraries can shorten development time, but inspect their maintenance status.
  7. Operational SLAs and reliability: For production systems, review uptime guarantees and incident history if available.

Applying this framework helps teams decide between alternatives (self-hosting vs managed, REST vs GraphQL) based on their latency, cost, and control needs.

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Token Metrics provides real-time prices, trading signals, and on-chain insights all from one powerful API. Grab a Free API Key

FAQ: Common Questions About APIs

What is the difference between an API and an SDK?

An API is a set of rules for interacting with a service, typically over a network. An SDK (Software Development Kit) is a package that may include APIs, helper libraries, and tools to make integrating those APIs easier in a specific programming language.

How do REST and GraphQL compare for client apps?

REST maps resources to endpoints and is simple to cache and reason about. GraphQL lets clients request only needed fields and combine multiple resources in one query, which can reduce round trips but may add server-side complexity.

Are public APIs safe to use for sensitive data?

Public APIs can be secure if they implement proper authentication, encryption, and access controls. Avoid sending sensitive secrets through unencrypted channels and use scoped credentials and least-privilege principles.

How do rate limits affect application design?

Rate limits cap how many requests a client can make in a time window. Design strategies include batching requests, caching responses, exponential backoff on errors, and choosing higher-tier plans if sustained throughput is required.

Can I combine multiple APIs in a single workflow?

Yes. Orchestration patterns let you fetch data from one API, transform it, and pass it to another (for example, pulling market data into an AI inference pipeline). Maintain clear error handling and data validation between steps.

How should I test an API integration?

Use sandbox or staging environments when possible, write automated tests for expected responses and error states, monitor real-world requests, and include assertions for schema and performance thresholds.

What are the typical authentication methods?

Common methods include API keys, OAuth 2.0 tokens, and mutual TLS. Select a method that balances ease of use and security for your application's context.

Disclaimer

This article is educational and informational only. It does not constitute financial, legal, or professional advice. Evaluate APIs and tools independently, review provider terms, and consider operational and security requirements before integration.

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