Crypto Basics

What are NFTs? NFT Art Explained | Future of NFTs

Learn more about NFTs and their future.
Token Metrics Team
6 minutes
MIN

You may have heard of CryptoPunks, Bored Ape Yacht Club, and VeeFriends, but you may not understand what they are. These names may sound like random combinations of words, but they actually represent some of the most valuable non-fungible token (NFT) projects that have emerged in the past few years.

The world of crypto art and NFTs may appear complex and mysterious, with a mix of celebrities, influencers, and internet experts. But it's not as confusing as it seems. Let's start from the beginning.

What Is An NFT?

Nearly all crypto art that has been introduced to the market has been done so through the minting of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). NFTs are digital assets that have verified proof of ownership. While "fungible tokens" like the US dollar can be easily traded (like exchanging 4 quarters for a dollar), each NFT is unique and cannot be easily traded. For example, imagine a sketch of "Starry Night" by Vincent Van Gogh that has been authenticated by a fine art appraiser as an original. This sketch would be non-fungible because you could not easily exchange it for, say, an original sketch by Leonardo da Vinci. This concept is easy to understand with tangible items like art pieces or collectible cards, but when digital assets can range from a celebrity tweet to an iconic meme to a picture of a pimped out animated ape, it may be confusing.

How Can We Ensure Unique Authenticity?

This is where NFTs enter the scene. Say you are a graphic design artist who just finished your newest 1-of-1 piece of work and you want to sell it as an NFT. Whoever purchases this piece would not only receive the artwork but they would also receive a “digital receipt” that proves that this exact piece is original, unique and authentic.

“But What If I Just Screenshot This Digital Artwork? Wouldn’t I Technically Own the Piece as Well?”

This is the first question that many have mockingly asked on social media and internet forums. The easy answer: yes, you can screenshot practically all digital artwork, but no, that does not mean you own it.

For example, millions of people swarm into the Louvre every year, waiting patiently amidst a giddy crowd, just to capture a picture of the priceless Mona Lisa. Obviously, a picture of the Mona Lisa saved on your iPhone camera roll does not mean that you own that painting.

NFTs work the same way.

Just as the Louvre paid millions of dollars to own, maintain, and display the Mona Lisa in their museum, NFT buyers do the same. However, the main difference is that instead of paying dollars to house the art in a fancy museum, they are paying with cryptocurrency and housing their art in a virtual showcase, so to speak.

This is the basis for how NFTs, cryptocurrency, and blockchain technology are establishing a new and lucrative market for digital art and artists.

The Art of Being Digital

In a 2021 interview, Gary Vaynerchuk (founder of Vayner Media and creator of VeeFriends) made the following statement regarding NFTs. The interviewer remarks on the tangibility of NFTs stating, "the digital aspect, like, you can't see it" — Gary jumps in:

"Well, you can't see a blue check on Instagram? I don't walk around the world with a blue check tattooed on my forehead, but everybody sees it. You can't see my 9 million followers on Instagram, or can you? I would argue the reverse. I would argue that people can't see most of the fancy things you have in your house; that people can see more digital than real life."

And he's onto something, and I'd like to call that something "The Art of Being Digital". In our highly digitized world, our online outreach and interconnectivity is wildly amplified. Gary Vee currently has 9.9 million followers on Instagram — but without access to the internet — he has no way of interacting with that community and tapping into the true power of those 9.9 million people.

Why Do NFTs Have Value?

The value of an NFT is determined by the collective intentionality of those who are willing to buy and sell them. In other words, the value of an NFT is based on what people are willing to pay for it. This is similar to the way that the value of traditional art is determined by the market, with the value being based on factors such as the artist's fame and the rarity of the work.

The Tom Brady example illustrates this idea. On the surface, it might seem strange that someone would pay $430k for a digital picture of a cartoon ape. However, if we consider the fact that the buyer was Tom Brady and the seller was the well-known digital artist Trevor Jones, it becomes clearer that the value of the NFT was determined by the collective intentionality of those involved in the transaction.

Furthermore, the digital art of NFTs offers more than just a digital file and a high price tag. NFTs provide the ability for digital artists to monetize their work and for collectors to own and trade unique digital items. This opens up new opportunities for artists and collectors alike, and has led to the growth of a vibrant and exciting market for NFTs.

Join The Club

Celebrities such as Tom Brady, Post Malone, Steph Curry, and Jimmy Fallon have been buying Bored Ape NFTs. Bored Ape NFTs were introduced by the Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC) in April 2021 at a price of 0.08 Ethereum (ETH) each, or about $190 at the time. Since then, the price of Bored Apes has increased significantly, yielding substantial returns for early investors.

In addition to the potential for financial gain, buying a Bored Ape NFT also grants the buyer access to the BAYC community. This includes access to the BAYC Discord, where buyers can connect with other members of the club, including celebrities, and collaborate on NFT-related projects. BAYC also gives members priority access to future NFT drops, allowing them to expand their collections.

Minting and selling NFTs can also be highly lucrative for those who create their own NFT projects. This is another reason why celebrities and others may be interested in the NFT market. Creating and selling NFTs allows artists and other creators to monetize their digital work and gives collectors the opportunity to own unique digital items. The growth of the NFT market has created new opportunities for both artists and collectors, leading to a vibrant and exciting market for NFTs.

Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and Secondary Sales

Blockchain technology is used to record the conversion of traditional currency into cryptocurrency, such as Ethereum (ETH), in the NFT market. This transaction is recorded on the blockchain as public information that is easily accessible to anyone who wants to view it. This ensures transparency and helps to prevent fraud in the NFT market.

Smart contracts are programs stored on the blockchain that allow NFT creators to stipulate the conditions of resale. For example, a creator could draft a smart contract that allows them to earn a 10% commission on any subsequent resales of their NFT. This allows creators to continue to benefit from the success of their work, even after the initial sale.

Smart contracts also facilitate secondary sales in the NFT market. When the value of an NFT increases, the smart contract associated with that NFT can automatically distribute any profits from the sale to the relevant parties, such as the creator or the NFT platform. For example, if the value of Tom Brady's Bored Ape NFT increased from $430k to $530k, the smart contract could automatically distribute the $100k profit to the Bored Ape Yacht Club, if that was stipulated in the contract.

This use of smart contracts helps to ensure that all parties are fairly compensated for their contributions to the NFT market, and it allows for efficient and transparent transactions without the need for intermediaries.

The Future Of Crypto-Art

Grammy-winning artist Tyler, the Creator recently questioned the value of NFTs, stating that most of the examples he has seen are not "beautiful art." While art is subjective and many NFTs are AI-generated, there are still many ways in which NFTs can offer value in the real world.

First, NFTs can be used to represent tangible experiences and achievements. Instead of framing a concert ticket or a season pass, these items could be represented as NFTs, allowing individuals to proudly display their experiences and achievements in the digital world. This could be especially beneficial for VIP experiences and exclusive memberships.

Second, NFTs can provide a level of authenticity and scarcity that cannot be achieved with physical items. This is especially useful for limited edition items and collectibles, which can be authenticated and traded easily on the blockchain.

Third, the use of smart contracts can ensure that all parties are fairly compensated for their contributions to the NFT market. This allows for transparent and efficient transactions without the need for intermediaries.

Overall, while some may dismiss NFTs as "silly little digital artworks," they have the potential to reshape not just the art world, but the world itself.

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Introduction to Web3 UX

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Contextual Understanding: Web2 vs Web3

Web2 represents the current mainstream internet experience characterized by centralized servers, interactive social platforms, and streamlined services. Its UX benefits from consistent standards, mature design patterns, and direct control over data.

In contrast, Web3 aims at decentralization, enabling peer-to-peer interactions through blockchain protocols, decentralized applications (dApps), and user-owned data ecosystems. While promising increased privacy and autonomy, Web3 inherently introduces complexity in UX design.

Technical Complexities Affecting Web3 UX

Several intrinsic technical barriers impact the Web3 user experience:

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Design and Usability Issues in Web3

The nascent nature of Web3 results in inconsistent and sometimes opaque design standards:

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Ecosystem Maturity and Resource Constraints

Web2 giants have invested billions over decades fostering developer communities, design systems, and customer support infrastructure. In contrast, Web3 is still an emerging ecosystem characterized by:

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Leveraging AI and Analytics to Improve Web3 UX

Emerging tools powered by artificial intelligence and data analytics can help mitigate some UX challenges in Web3 by:

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Integrating such AI-driven research and analytic tools enables developers and users to progressively enhance Web3 usability.

Practical Tips for Users and Developers

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Disclaimer

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Introduction

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  • Rust: Rust is gaining popularity especially on blockchains like Solana, Near, and Polkadot. It is a systems programming language known for safety and performance. Rust smart contracts tend to be compiled to WebAssembly (Wasm) bytecode, enabling cross-chain compatibility and faster execution on supported platforms.
  • Michelson: Michelson is a low-level stack-based language used to write smart contracts on Tezos blockchain. It is designed for formal verification, allowing high-security guarantees which is important for mission-critical applications.
  • Move: Move is a language developed by Facebook's Diem project and adapted by blockchains like Aptos and Sui. It offers resource-oriented programming to handle digital assets safely and efficiently.
  • Clarity: Used primarily on the Stacks blockchain, Clarity is a decidable language, which means actions of the contract can be predicted and verified before execution. It favors safety and transparency.

Criteria for Language Selection

Developers evaluate smart contract languages based on various factors such as security, expressiveness, ease of use, and compatibility with blockchain platforms. Below are some important criteria:

  1. Security Features: Languages like Vyper and Michelson prioritize simplicity and formal verification to minimize vulnerabilities.
  2. Community and Ecosystem: Solidity benefits from a large developer community, extensive documentation, and extensive tooling which facilitates easier development and auditing.
  3. Performance Efficiency: Languages compiled to Wasm such as Rust-based smart contracts can offer superior speed and reduced resource consumption.
  4. Formal Verification and Auditing: Languages that support rigorous mathematical verification methods help ensure contract correctness and prevent exploits.
  5. Interoperability: The ability of a smart contract to work across multiple blockchains enhances its utility and adoption.

Overview of Leading Smart Contract Languages

Solidity remains the dominant language due to Ethereum's market position and is well-suited for developers familiar with JavaScript or object-oriented paradigms. It continuously evolves with community input and protocol upgrades.

Vyper has a smaller user base but appeals to projects requiring stricter security standards, as its design deliberately omits complex features that increase vulnerabilities.

Rust is leveraged by newer chains that aim to combine blockchain decentralization with high throughput and low latency. Developers familiar with systems programming find Rust a robust choice.

Michelson’s niche is in formal verification-heavy projects where security is paramount, such as financial contracts and governance mechanisms on Tezos.

Move and Clarity represent innovative approaches to contract safety and complexity management, focusing on deterministic execution and resource constraints.

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Practical Considerations for Developers and Analysts

Developers choosing a smart contract language should consider the blockchain platform’s restrictions and the nature of the application. Those focused on DeFi might prefer Solidity or Vyper for Ethereum, while teams aiming for cross-chain applications might lean toward Rust or Move.

Analysts seeking to understand a project’s robustness can utilize resources like Token Metrics for AI-powered insights combined with manual research, including code reviews and community engagement.

Security should remain a priority as vulnerabilities in smart contract code can lead to significant issues. Therefore, familiarizing oneself with languages that encourage safer programming paradigms contributes to better outcomes.

Conclusion

Understanding what languages are used for smart contract development is key to grasping the broader blockchain ecosystem. Solidity leads the field due to Ethereum’s prominence, but alternative languages like Vyper, Rust, Michelson, Move, and Clarity offer different trade-offs in security, performance, and usability. Advances in AI-driven research platforms such as Token Metrics play a supportive role in evaluating the quality and safety of smart contract projects.

Disclaimer

This article is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial or investment advice. Readers should conduct their own research and consult professionals before making decisions related to blockchain technologies and smart contract development.

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Introduction

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Key Factors in Evaluating Exchanges

Security Measures: Robust security is critical to safeguarding digital assets. Trusted exchanges implement multi-factor authentication (MFA), cold storage for the majority of funds, and regular security audits. Transparency about security incidents and response strategies further reflects an exchange’s commitment to protection.

Regulatory Compliance: Exchanges operating within clear regulatory frameworks demonstrate credibility. Registration with financial authorities, adherence to Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Know Your Customer (KYC) policies are important markers of legitimacy.

Liquidity and Volume: High liquidity ensures competitive pricing and smooth order execution. Volume trends can be analyzed via publicly available data or through analytics platforms such as Token Metrics to gauge an exchange’s activeness.

Range of Cryptocurrencies: The diversity of supported digital assets allows users flexibility in managing their portfolios. Trusted exchanges often list major cryptocurrencies alongside promising altcoins, with transparent listing criteria.

User Experience and Customer Support: A user-friendly interface and responsive support contribute to efficient trading and problem resolution, enhancing overall trust.

Overview of Some Trusted Crypto Exchanges

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  • Exchange A: Known for advanced security protocols and regulatory compliance, this platform supports a broad range of assets and offers an intuitive interface suitable for various experience levels.
  • Exchange B: Distinguished by high liquidity and extensive global reach, it incorporates transparent fees and educational resources designed to assist users in understanding market dynamics.
  • Exchange C: Offers both centralized and decentralized trading options, catering to users interested in flexible trading environments, with robust customer support channels.

These examples illustrate the diversity of trusted exchanges, highlighting the importance of matching exchange characteristics to individual cybersecurity preferences and trading needs.

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Practical Steps for Researching a Crypto Exchange

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  2. Review Security Practices: Investigate the exchange’s implementation of security measures such as cold storage percentages, MFA, and incident history.
  3. Analyze Market Data: Utilize platforms like Token Metrics to explore trading volumes, liquidity, and user ratings.
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Common Risk Factors and Mitigation

Despite due diligence, crypto trading inherently involves risks. Common concerns linked to exchanges encompass hacking incidents, withdrawal delays, regulatory actions, and operational failures. Reducing exposure includes diversifying asset holdings, using hardware wallets for storage, and continuously monitoring exchange announcements.

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Conclusion

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Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, or legal advice. Readers should conduct independent research and consult professionals before making decisions related to cryptocurrency trading or exchange selection.

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