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What Does Indices Mean? A Beginner's Guide to Market Indices in 2025

Learn the fundamentals of market indices and how innovative crypto indices like TM Global 100 are shaping the future of diversified digital asset investing in 2025.
Token Metrics Team
14
MIN
Index

If you've ever heard financial news mention "the Dow is up" or "the S&P 500 reached a new high," you've encountered market indices. But what exactly does "indices" mean, and why do these numbers dominate financial headlines?

The word "indices" (pronounced IN-duh-seez) is simply the plural form of "index"—and in the financial world, it refers to measurement tools that track the performance of groups of assets. Think of an index as a thermometer for a specific market or sector, providing a single number that represents the collective movement of many individual investments.

In 2025, understanding what indices mean has become essential for anyone interested in investing, whether you're building a retirement portfolio or exploring cryptocurrency markets. This comprehensive beginner's guide will demystify indices, explain how they work, and show you how modern innovations like the TM Global 100 crypto index are making sophisticated index investing accessible to everyone.

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What Does "Indices" Mean? The Basic Definition

Let's start with the fundamentals. An index (singular) is a statistical measure that tracks the performance of a group of assets. Indices (plural) refers to multiple such measures.

In finance, when someone asks "what does indices mean," they're typically referring to market indices—benchmarks that measure:

  • Stock market performance (like the S&P 500 tracking 500 large U.S. companies)
  • Sector-specific performance (like technology or healthcare stocks)
  • Asset class performance (like bonds, commodities, or real estate)
  • Cryptocurrency market performance (like the top 100 digital assets)

Think of an index like a shopping basket. Instead of tracking the price of individual items separately, you measure the total cost of everything in the basket. If most items in your basket get more expensive, the basket's total value rises. If most items get cheaper, the total value falls.

Market indices work the same way. They combine many individual securities into a single measurement, providing a snapshot of how that particular market or sector is performing overall.

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Why We Use the Word "Indices" Instead of "Indexes"

You might wonder: why "indices" and not "indexes"? Both are actually correct plural forms of "index," but they're used in different contexts:

  • Indices is the traditional plural form borrowed from Latin, commonly used in:
    • Financial and economic contexts (stock market indices)
    • Scientific and mathematical contexts (statistical indices)
    • Academic and formal writing
  • Indexes is a more modern English plural, often used for:
    • Book indexes (alphabetical lists at the back of books)
    • Database indexes (organizational structures in computer systems)
    • Casual conversation

In finance and investing, "indices" remains the standard term. When you hear analysts discussing "major indices," "global indices," or "benchmark indices," they're using the traditional financial terminology.

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How Do Indices Work? The Mechanics Explained

Understanding what indices mean requires grasping how they're constructed and calculated. While the specific methodology varies, all indices share common elements:

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Selection Criteria

Every index defines rules for which assets to include. These criteria might be:

  • Market Capitalization: The S&P 500 includes 500 of the largest U.S. publicly traded companies by market value.
  • Geographic Location: The FTSE 100 tracks the largest companies listed on the London Stock Exchange.
  • Sector Focus: The Nasdaq-100 emphasizes technology and growth companies.
  • Asset Type: Some indices track bonds, commodities, real estate, or cryptocurrencies rather than stocks.
  • Ranking System: A crypto index might track the top 100 digital assets by market capitalization, automatically updating as rankings change.

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Weighting Methods

Once assets are selected, indices must determine how much influence each asset has on the overall index value. Common weighting methods include:

  • Market-Cap Weighted: Larger companies have proportionally more influence. If Apple is worth $3 trillion and represents 6% of total market cap, it gets 6% weight in the index. This is the most common method, used by the S&P 500 and most major indices.
  • Price-Weighted: Higher-priced stocks have more influence regardless of company size. The Dow Jones Industrial Average uses this method, meaning a $300 stock moves the index more than a $50 stock.
  • Equal-Weighted: Every asset gets the same weight regardless of size or price, providing more balanced exposure.
  • Factor-Weighted: Assets are weighted by specific characteristics like volatility, momentum, or fundamental metrics rather than just size or price.

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Rebalancing Schedule

Markets change constantly. Companies grow or shrink, new companies emerge, and old ones disappear. Indices must periodically rebalance to maintain their intended composition:

  • Quarterly Rebalancing: Many traditional stock indices update four times per year.
  • Annual Rebalancing: Some simpler indices rebalance just once yearly.
  • Weekly Rebalancing: Fast-moving markets like cryptocurrency benefit from more frequent updates to track current market leaders.
  • Event-Driven Rebalancing: Some indices rebalance when specific triggers occur, like a company's market cap crossing a threshold.

A crypto index is a rules-based basket tracking a defined universe—such as a top-100 market-cap set—with scheduled rebalances. The frequency matters greatly in fast-moving markets where leadership changes rapidly.

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Types of Indices: Understanding the Landscape

Indices come in many varieties, each serving different purposes:

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Broad Market Indices

  • S&P 500: 500 large U.S. companies across all sectors, representing about 80% of U.S. market capitalization.
  • Dow Jones Industrial Average: 30 blue-chip U.S. companies, the oldest and most famous index (created 1896).
  • Russell 2000: 2,000 small-cap U.S. companies, tracking smaller businesses.
  • MSCI World: Large and mid-cap stocks across 23 developed markets globally.

These indices answer the question: "How is the overall market performing?"

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Sector and Industry Indices

  • Nasdaq-100: Technology-heavy index of the largest non-financial companies on Nasdaq.
  • S&P Healthcare: Companies in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical devices, and healthcare services.
  • Energy Select Sector SPDR: Energy companies including oil, gas, and renewable energy firms.

These indices answer: "How is this specific sector performing?"

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International and Regional Indices

  • FTSE 100: 100 largest companies on the London Stock Exchange.
  • Nikkei 225: 225 large companies on the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
  • DAX: 40 major German companies trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.
  • Emerging Markets Index: Stocks from developing economies like China, India, and Brazil.

These indices answer: "How are foreign markets performing?"

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Cryptocurrency Indices

  • Top 10 Crypto Index: The largest cryptocurrencies by market cap, typically Bitcoin and Ethereum plus eight others.
  • DeFi Index: Decentralized finance protocol tokens.
  • Top 100 Crypto Index: Broad exposure across the 100 largest digital assets.

These indices answer: "How is the crypto market performing overall?" or "How is this crypto sector doing?"

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Real-World Examples: What Indices Mean in Practice

Let's explore what indices mean through concrete examples:

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Example 1: The S&P 500

When news reports "the S&P 500 rose 1.5% today," it means: The combined value of 500 large U.S. companies increased 1.5%

Not every company rose—some went up, some down, but the weighted average was +1.5%

Companies like Apple, Microsoft, and Amazon (the largest holdings) influenced this movement more than smaller companies

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Example 2: Sector Rotation

When analysts say "technology indices are outperforming energy indices," they mean: Technology stocks as a group are rising faster than energy stocks as a group

Money is flowing from energy sector to technology sector

This often indicates changing economic expectations or investor sentiment

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Example 3: International Comparison

When you hear "emerging market indices lagged developed market indices," it means: Stocks in developing countries (like Brazil, India, South Africa) rose less than stocks in developed countries (like U.S., Japan, Germany)

This might reflect currency movements, economic growth differences, or risk sentiment

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Example 4: Crypto Market Conditions

When "top 100 crypto indices show bearish signals," it means: The collective performance of the 100 largest cryptocurrencies indicates declining prices or negative momentum

Individual coins might buck the trend, but the overall market sentiment is negative

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Why Indices Matter to Investors

Understanding what indices mean becomes important when you recognize how they affect your investments:

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  • Performance Benchmarking: Indices provide standards to measure success. If your portfolio gained 8% but the S&P 500 gained 15%, you underperformed despite positive returns. If the S&P 500 fell 10% and you lost only 5%, you outperformed significantly.
  • Investment Products: Trillions of dollars are invested in products that track indices:
  • Index Mutual Funds: Traditional funds that replicate index performance.
  • Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs): Tradeable securities tracking indices, offering liquidity and low costs.
  • Index Options and Futures: Derivatives enabling sophisticated strategies and hedging.

These products wouldn't exist without indices providing standardized targets to track.

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Passive Investing Strategy

The rise of index investing has transformed finance. Rather than picking individual stocks (active investing), many investors simply buy index funds to match market returns (passive investing). This strategy works because:

  • 80-90% of active fund managers underperform their benchmark index over long periods
  • Index funds charge lower fees than actively managed funds
  • Tax efficiency improves through less frequent trading
  • Diversification reduces single-stock risk dramatically

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Economic Indicators

Policymakers, economists, and business leaders watch indices to gauge economic health. Rising indices suggest confidence and growth. Falling indices indicate concerns and potential contraction.

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The Evolution: Crypto Indices in 2025

While stock market indices have existed for over a century, cryptocurrency has rapidly adopted and innovated on index concepts. Crypto indices demonstrate what indices mean in the digital age:

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  • 24/7 Operation: Unlike stock indices that only update during market hours, crypto indices track markets that never sleep.
  • Real-Time Transparency: Blockchain technology enables instant visibility into exact holdings and transactions—impossible with traditional indices.
  • Frequent Rebalancing: Crypto markets move faster than traditional markets. Narratives rotate in weeks, not months. Weekly or daily rebalancing keeps crypto indices aligned with current market leadership.
  • Regime-Switching Intelligence: Advanced crypto indices don't just track markets—they actively manage risk by adjusting allocations based on market conditions.

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In October 2025, the question "what does indices mean" increasingly includes understanding these next-generation crypto indices that combine traditional index benefits with modern risk management.

Click here to get early access to TM100 indices at Token Metrics.

TM Global 100: What a Modern Index Means in Practice

The TM Global 100 index exemplifies what indices mean in 2025—especially for cryptocurrency markets. This rules-based index demonstrates how traditional index concepts evolve with technology and smart design.

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What It Is

TM Global 100 is a rules-based crypto index that:

  • Holds the top 100 cryptocurrencies by market capitalization when market conditions are bullish
  • Moves fully to stablecoins when conditions turn bearish
  • Rebalances weekly to maintain current top-100 exposure
  • Provides complete transparency on strategy, holdings, and transactions
  • Offers one-click purchase through an embedded wallet

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How It Works: Plain English

Regime Switching:

  • Bull Market Signal: The index holds all top 100 crypto assets, capturing broad market upside
  • Bear Market Signal: The index exits entirely to stablecoins, protecting capital until conditions improve

This isn't discretionary trading based on gut feelings. It's a proprietary market signal driving systematic allocation decisions.

Weekly Rebalancing:

  • Every week, the index updates to reflect the current top-100 list
  • If a cryptocurrency rises into the top 100, it gets added
  • If it falls out, it gets removed
  • Weights adjust to reflect current market capitalizations

Complete Transparency:

  • Strategy Modal: Explains all rules clearly—no black boxes
  • Gauge: Shows the live market signal (bullish or bearish)
  • Holdings Treemap & Table: Displays exactly what you own
  • Transaction Log: Records every rebalance and regime switch

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What This Means for You

If someone asks you "what does indices mean," you can now point to TM Global 100 as a perfect example that:

  • Tracks a Defined Universe: The top 100 cryptocurrencies by market cap—a clear, objective selection criterion.
  • Uses Systematic Rebalancing: Weekly updates ensure you always hold current market leaders, not last quarter's has-beens.
  • Provides Measurable Performance: The index generates a track record you can analyze and compare against alternatives.
  • Enables Easy Investment: Instead of manually buying and managing 100 cryptocurrencies, one transaction gives you diversified exposure.
  • Implements Risk Management: The regime-switching mechanism addresses a critical weakness of traditional indices—they stay fully invested through devastating bear markets.

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‍→ Join the waitlist now and be first to trade TM Global 100.

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Benefits of Understanding What Indices Mean

Grasping the concept of indices provides several practical advantages:

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  • Simplified Market Monitoring: Instead of tracking hundreds or thousands of individual securities, you can monitor a handful of indices to understand broad market movements. This saves tremendous time and mental energy.
  • Better Investment Decisions: Knowing what indices mean helps you:
    • Choose appropriate benchmarks for your investments
    • Recognize when sectors are rotating
    • Identify potential opportunities or risks
    • Evaluate whether active management adds value
  • Reduced Complexity: Investing through indices dramatically simplifies portfolio construction. Rather than researching individual companies or cryptocurrencies, you gain instant diversification through established baskets.
  • Emotional Discipline: Index investing removes emotional decision-making. You're not tempted to panic sell during downturns or FOMO buy during rallies—the systematic approach enforces discipline.
  • Cost Efficiency: Index products typically charge lower fees than actively managed alternatives. Over decades, fee differences compound significantly, often exceeding 1-2% annually.

    • Click here to get early access to TM100 indices at Token Metrics.

    Common Questions About What Indices Mean

    Can I directly buy an index? No. An index is a measurement tool, not an investment product. However, you can buy index funds, ETFs, or crypto index products that replicate index performance.

    Who creates indices? Various organizations create indices:

    • S&P Dow Jones Indices (S&P 500, Dow Jones)
    • MSCI (international indices)
    • FTSE Russell (U.K. and global indices)
    • Nasdaq (technology indices)
    • Token Metrics (TM Global 100 crypto index)

    How are index values calculated? It depends on the index methodology. Most use market-cap weighting, multiplying each stock's price by shares outstanding, summing all holdings, and dividing by a divisor that adjusts for corporate actions.

    Do indices include dividends? Some do (total return indices), some don't (price return indices). The S&P 500 has both versions. Crypto indices typically track price only since most cryptocurrencies don't pay dividends.

    Can indices go to zero? Theoretically yes, practically no. For a broad market index to reach zero, every constituent would need to become worthless simultaneously—essentially requiring economic collapse.

    What's the difference between indices and indexes? Both are correct plurals, but "indices" is standard in finance while "indexes" is more common in other contexts. They mean the same thing.

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    How to Start Using Indices

    Now that you understand what indices mean, here's how to begin incorporating them into your investing:

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    For Traditional Markets

    • Choose a brokerage with low fees and good index fund selection
    • Select appropriate indices matching your goals (broad market, international, sector-specific)
    • Implement dollar-cost averaging by investing fixed amounts regularly
    • Rebalance annually to maintain target allocations
    • Stay invested through market cycles for long-term growth

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    For Cryptocurrency with TM Global 100

    • Visit the Token Metrics Indices hub to learn about the strategy
    • Join the waitlist for launch notification
    • Review the transparency features (strategy modal, gauge, holdings)
    • At launch, click "Buy Index" for one-click purchase
    • Track your position with real-time P&L under "My Indices"

    The embedded, self-custodial smart wallet streamlines execution while you maintain control over your funds. Most users complete purchases in approximately 90 seconds.

    ‍

    ‍→ Join the waitlist to be first to trade TM Global 100.

    ‍

    The Future: What Indices Will Mean Tomorrow

    Index evolution continues accelerating: AI-Driven Construction: Machine learning will optimize index selection and weighting more effectively than human rules. Dynamic Risk Management: More indices will implement active protection strategies like TM Global 100's regime switching. Hyper-Personalization: Technology will enable custom indices tailored to individual tax situations, values, and goals. Real-Time Everything: Blockchain technology brings instant transparency, execution, and rebalancing impossible in legacy systems. Cross-Asset Integration: Future indices might seamlessly blend stocks, bonds, commodities, real estate, and crypto in smart allocation strategies.

    TM Global 100 represents this evolution: combining traditional index benefits (diversification, systematic approach, low cost) with modern innovations (regime switching, weekly rebalancing, blockchain transparency, one-click access).

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    Decision Guide: Is Index Investing Right for You?

    Consider index investing if you:

    • Want broad market exposure without constant monitoring
    • Recognize the difficulty of consistently picking winning investments
    • Value transparency and rules-based strategies
    • Seek lower costs than active management
    • Prefer systematic approaches over emotional decision-making
    • Lack time or expertise for deep security analysis

    Consider active investing if you:

    • Possess genuine informational advantages or unique insights
    • Have time and expertise for continuous research
    • Enjoy the active management process
    • Accept concentration risk for potential outsized returns
    • Work in specialized niches where expertise creates edges

    For most investors, index investing provides optimal risk-adjusted returns with minimal time investment. Even professional investors often maintain index core positions while actively managing satellite positions.

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    Getting Started: Your Next Steps

    Understanding what indices mean is just the beginning. Here's how to act on this knowledge:

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    Education

    • Read more about specific indices that interest you
    • Study index construction methodologies
    • Learn about passive vs. active investing debates
    • Explore factor-based and smart-beta indices

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    Action

    • For traditional markets, open a brokerage account and explore index fund options
    • For crypto markets, join the TM Global 100 waitlist to access next-generation index investing
    • Start small and gradually increase allocations as you gain confidence
    • Track performance against appropriate benchmarks

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    Refinement

    • Regularly review your index allocations
    • Rebalance when positions drift significantly from targets
    • Consider tax implications of rebalancing decisions
    • Adjust strategies as your goals and timeline change

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    Conclusion

    So, what does "indices" mean? In the simplest terms, it's the plural of "index"—measurement tools that track groups of assets. In practical terms, indices represent one of the most important innovations in modern finance, enabling simplified investing, objective benchmarking, and systematic portfolio construction.

    From traditional stock market indices like the S&P 500 to innovative crypto indices like TM Global 100, these tools democratize access to diversified portfolios that once required significant wealth and expertise.

    TM Global 100 demonstrates what indices mean in 2025: not just passive measurement tools, but intelligent investment vehicles with active risk management. By holding the top 100 cryptocurrencies in bull markets and moving to stablecoins in bear markets, it delivers what investors actually want—participation in upside with protection from downside.

    If you want to experience next-generation index investing with weekly rebalancing, transparent holdings, regime-switching protection, and one-click execution, TM Global 100 was built for you.

    Click here to get early access to Token Metrics indices.

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    What Wallet Should I Use for Long-Term Holding? Complete 2025 Guide

    Token Metrics Team
    12
    MIN

    Choosing the right cryptocurrency wallet for long-term holding is one of the most critical decisions for serious investors. With a 2025 Gemini survey revealing that 24% of adults now hold crypto—up from 21% in 2024—and active stablecoin wallets jumping 53% year-over-year to reach 30 million, the need for secure, reliable storage solutions has never been greater.

    For long-term holders practicing the HODL strategy (Hold On for Dear Life), security trumps convenience. Bitcoin was worth $0.0009 when it first started trading in 2009; today, it approaches $90,000. Protecting substantial gains accumulated over years requires understanding wallet types, security features, and best practices that distinguish casual users from serious investors.

    This comprehensive guide explores the best wallets for long-term cryptocurrency storage in 2025, examining hardware wallets, security considerations, and how to combine proper custody with sophisticated analytics from platforms like Token Metrics to maximize your investment strategy.

    Understanding Cryptocurrency Wallets

    Despite the name, cryptocurrency wallets don't actually store cryptocurrency. What they hold are digital codes known as "keys" that grant access to your crypto on the blockchain—a type of distributed ledger functioning as an online record of transactions. When someone sends you cryptocurrency, they're updating the blockchain to show that ownership of a certain amount has been assigned to your wallet's address.

    The Two Keys: Public and Private

    Wallets rely on two critical pieces of information:

    • Public Key: A string of letters and numbers automatically generated by the wallet provider, functioning like a bank account number. For example: B1fpARq39i7L822ywJ55xgV614. This can be shared freely to receive funds without compromising security.
    • Private Key: Another string of numbers and letters that only the wallet owner should know. This key signs transactions and proves ownership. Losing your private key means losing access to your cryptocurrency permanently, with no customer service or password reset option available.

    The crypto community's mantra "Not your keys, not your crypto" emphasizes that if your cryptocurrency is stored on an exchange, you're not the true owner. You're trusting a third party with custody, exposing yourself to platform insolvency, account freezes, security breaches, or bankruptcy—as crypto investors discovered when exchanges like BlockFi and Voyager filed for bankruptcy in recent years.

    Hot Wallets vs. Cold Wallets: Understanding the Difference

    Cryptocurrency wallets fall into two fundamental categories, each serving different investment needs and security requirements.

    Hot Wallets: Internet-Connected Convenience

    Hot wallets are software-based solutions that connect to the internet, offering convenience and accessibility for managing cryptocurrencies. These include mobile apps, desktop software, and browser extensions that facilitate daily transactions and DeFi interactions.

    • Advantages of Hot Wallets:
    • Usually free to download and use
    • Easy access for frequent transactions
    • Direct integration with DeFi protocols and dApps
    • Quick setup without hardware purchases
    • Support for hundreds or thousands of cryptocurrencies
    • Often include built-in exchange features
    • Disadvantages of Hot Wallets:
    • More vulnerable to hackers and online threats
    • Require trust in software developers
    • Susceptible to phishing attacks and malware
    • Private keys potentially exposed to internet-connected devices
    • Less suitable for large holdings or long-term storage

    Hot wallets work well for active traders managing smaller amounts or funds needed for regular transactions, but they're not ideal for substantial long-term holdings where security must be paramount.

    Cold Wallets: Offline Maximum Security

    Cold wallets are hardware devices disconnected from the internet that help store sensitive crypto information offline. These physical gadgets provide maximum protection by keeping private keys completely isolated from online threats, making them immune to remote hacking attempts.

    • Advantages of Cold Wallets:
    • Immune to online hacks and malware
    • Ideal for long-term storage of substantial holdings
    • Physical confirmation required for all transactions
    • Private keys never exposed to internet-connected devices
    • Multiple backup and recovery options
    • Suitable for the HODL strategy
    • Disadvantages of Cold Wallets:
    • Upfront purchase cost ranging from $49 to $500
    • Less convenient for DeFi transactions and frequent trading
    • Physical device can be lost or damaged
    • Recovery depends entirely on seed phrase backups
    • Learning curve for first-time users

    For long-term holding, cold wallets represent the gold standard. They provide the security foundation necessary for protecting significant cryptocurrency investments over years or decades.

    Top Hardware Wallets for Long-Term Holding in 2025

    Ledger: Industry-Leading Security

    Ledger devices, particularly the Ledger Nano X and Ledger Stax, represent the most popular hardware wallet choice globally. The company pioneered consumer-friendly cold storage with the Ledger Nano in 2016 and continues leading through innovation and security.

    • Key Features:
    • Secure Element chip providing bank-grade security
    • Support for over 5,500 cryptocurrencies and tokens
    • Bluetooth connectivity for mobile use (Ledger Nano X)
    • Touchscreen interface (Ledger Stax)
    • Ledger Live app for portfolio management
    • NFT storage and display capabilities
    • Integration with major DeFi platforms

    Ideal For: Investors holding diverse portfolios across multiple blockchains who want the most comprehensive asset support with proven security track record.

    Pricing: Ledger Nano S Plus starts at $79, Nano X at $149, Stax at $279

    Trezor: Open-Source Transparency

    Trezor, launched in 2014, was the first hardware wallet ever created. The company maintains commitment to open-source firmware, allowing security experts to audit code and verify there are no hidden vulnerabilities or backdoors.

    • Key Features:
    • Fully open-source firmware
    • Touchscreen interface (Trezor Model T)
    • Support for thousands of cryptocurrencies
    • Password manager functionality
    • Shamir Backup for seed phrase recovery
    • Integration with third-party wallets like MetaMask
    • No Bluetooth to eliminate wireless attack vectors

    Ideal For: Privacy-focused investors who prioritize transparency and want to verify security through open-source code audits.

    Pricing: Trezor Model One starts at $69, Model T at $219

    Coldcard: Bitcoin Maximalist's Choice

    Coldcard MK4 is a Bitcoin-only wallet designed for advanced users who prioritize privacy and security above all else. It operates completely offline with air-gapped transaction signing, meaning it never connects to computers or phones directly.

    • Key Features:
    • Bitcoin-only focus for maximum security optimization
    • Completely air-gapped operation
    • Open-source firmware
    • Advanced security features like duress PINs
    • SD card for transaction signing without USB
    • Encrypted seed phrase storage
    • No wireless connectivity whatsoever

    Ideal For: Bitcoin maximalists and advanced users who want absolute maximum security and are comfortable with technical complexity.

    Pricing: Approximately $150

    Tangem: Card-Based Simplicity

    Tangem offers a unique approach with NFC card-based wallets that operate without screens, batteries, or charging requirements. The cards contain secure element chips storing private keys and sign transactions via smartphone NFC.

    • Key Features:
    • Credit card form factor
    • No batteries or charging needed
    • Supports major cryptocurrencies
    • Multiple card backup system
    • Simple tap-to-sign transactions
    • Extremely durable construction
    • No software updates required

    Ideal For: Long-term holders wanting simplicity and physical durability without dealing with electronic devices, screens, or batteries.

    Pricing: 2-card set for $50, 3-card set for $70

    Material Bitcoin: Ultra-Durable Physical Storage

    Material Bitcoin represents the most extreme approach to cold storage—a physical wallet with no electronic components whatsoever. Made from AISI 304L stainless steel, it stores Bitcoin offline on virtually indestructible material resistant to fire, water, and physical damage.

    • Key Features:
    • Zero electronic components (immune to all cyber threats)
    • Fire, water, and shock resistant stainless steel
    • No software updates or compatibility issues
    • Optional seed phrase backup card
    • Extremely simple to use
    • Permanent storage solution
    • Limited to Bitcoin, Ethereum, or USDT

    Ideal For: Long-term investors seeking the most durable, hack-proof cold wallet with absolute zero electronic vulnerability and no technical complexity.

    Pricing: Varies by configuration

    Essential Security Practices for Long-Term Holding

    Selecting the right hardware wallet is only the first step. Implementing proper security practices ensures your holdings remain protected over years or decades.

    Secure Your Seed Phrase

    • Never store seed phrases digitally (photos, files, cloud storage)
    • Write on durable materials like metal plates designed for seed storage
    • Create multiple physical backups stored in separate secure locations
    • Never share your seed phrase with anyone, ever
    • Consider using Shamir Backup to split seed phrases across multiple locations
    • Protect from fire, water, and physical damage

    If your hardware wallet is lost, stolen, or damaged, you can purchase a new device and restore access using your seed phrase. Without the seed phrase backup, your crypto is lost permanently.

    Enable All Security Features

    • PIN Protection: Set strong PINs that aren't easily guessable. Hardware wallets typically wipe themselves after several incorrect PIN attempts, protecting against theft.
    • Passphrase (25th Word): Many wallets support optional passphrases adding additional words to seed phrases, creating hidden wallets that don't appear without the passphrase.
    • Firmware Updates: Keep wallet firmware updated with latest security patches. Verify updates come from official sources only.
    • Duress Features: Some wallets like Coldcard allow duress PINs that open decoy wallets with small amounts, protecting main holdings if forced to unlock.

    Verify Wallet Authenticity

    • Only purchase hardware wallets directly from manufacturers or authorized resellers.
    • Never buy second-hand devices or from marketplaces like eBay or Amazon where tampering is possible.
    • Check for tamper-evident packaging
    • Verify device hasn't been initialized previously
    • Confirm device generates new seed phrases (never comes with pre-generated phrases)
    • Check holographic seals and security features specific to each brand

    Practice Operational Security

    • Use Dedicated Devices: Consider using dedicated computers or phones for crypto management that aren't used for general browsing or downloading software.
    • Verify Addresses: Always verify receiving addresses on the hardware wallet screen itself before confirming transactions. Malware can replace addresses in software, but hardware wallets display authentic addresses.
    • Test Small Amounts First: When setting up new wallets or using new features, test with small amounts before transferring substantial holdings.
    • Avoid Public Wi-Fi: Never access crypto wallets or exchanges over public Wi-Fi networks where traffic can be intercepted.

    Plan for Inheritance

    Long-term holding requires planning for worst-case scenarios. If something happens to you, how will your heirs access your cryptocurrency?

    • Inheritance Strategies: Document wallet existence and types for executors
    • Store seed phrases in secure locations accessible to trusted individuals after your death
    • Consider using services like Casa that offer key splitting and inheritance protocols
    • Provide clear instructions without compromising security during your lifetime
    • Regularly review and update plans as holdings change

    Combining Cold Storage with Active Portfolio Management

    Long-term holding doesn't mean "set and forget" entirely. Successful investors combine secure cold storage with active portfolio monitoring and strategic decision-making.

    Leveraging Token Metrics for HODL Strategy

    While your cryptocurrency sits safely in cold storage, platforms like Token Metrics provide the intelligence necessary to make informed holding decisions without compromising security. Token Metrics has established itself as a leading crypto analytics platform, offering tools essential for long-term investors.

    • Investor Grade Analysis for Hold Decisions: Token Metrics assigns each cryptocurrency an Investor Grade based on fundamentals, development activity, code quality, team credibility, and adoption metrics. This scoring helps identify which projects merit continued holding versus those requiring portfolio rebalancing.
    • Real-Time Monitoring Without Compromising Security: Token Metrics monitors thousands of cryptocurrencies continuously, providing real-time alerts about significant developments—code updates, partnership announcements, security incidents, or regulatory changes—without requiring you to connect cold wallets to exchanges. This separation between monitoring and custody ensures you stay informed without exposing private keys.
    • Portfolio Tracking Across Cold Storage: Token Metrics provides portfolio tracking, allowing you to monitor the value of holdings stored in cold wallets without exposing private keys. By inputting public wallet addresses or tracking positions manually, you maintain oversight of your portfolio performance.
    • Market Intelligence for Accumulation Timing: Token Metrics' AI analytics identify optimal entry points for dollar-cost averaging or lump-sum additions, analyzing market cycles, sentiment, on-chain metrics, and technical patterns to maximize purchase opportunities during market dips.
    • Risk Assessment and Project Monitoring: Token Metrics evaluates project health, spotting early signs of decline or security concerns, enabling proactive exit decisions to protect long-term capital.
    • Tax Optimization and Reporting: Token Metrics integrates with tax tools to maintain accurate records, aiding in tax planning and long-term capital gains management.

    Multi-Wallet Strategy for Different Needs

    Many investors employ multiple wallet types for different purposes, optimizing security and functionality.

    • Tier 1 - Cold Storage (90% of Holdings): Hardware wallets holding the majority of long-term investments, maximum security.
    • Tier 2 - Hot Wallet (8% of Holdings): Software wallets for moderate transactions, DeFi activities, or active trading.
    • Tier 3 - Exchange Wallet (2% of Holdings): Small amounts on exchanges for immediate trading or liquidity.

    This approach protects the bulk of holdings while maintaining operational flexibility.

    Best Practices for Different Investor Profiles

    Strategies vary based on experience, portfolio size, and risk tolerance:

    • Crypto Beginners: Start simple with trusted brands like Ledger Nano S Plus or Trezor Model One. Focus on Bitcoin and Ethereum, practice seed backup, and transfer small amounts initially.
    • Intermediate Investors: Upgrade to Ledger Nano X or Trezor Model T, implement geographically separated backups, use platforms like Token Metrics, and develop multi-wallet strategies.
    • Advanced Users and Maximalists: Consider Coldcard for Bitcoin-exclusive security, implement multisig or Shamir Backup, verify open-source firmware, and plan inheritance securely.
    • High-Net-Worth: Use multiple hardware wallets with geographical distribution, professional custody services, regular security reviews, and secure storage locations like safes or safety deposit boxes.

    The Future of Long-Term Crypto Storage

    Wallet technology continues evolving, with several innovative trends:

    • Account Abstraction and Smart Wallets: Enable social recovery, gasless transactions, programmable security rules—making self-custody more accessible with maintained security.
    • Multi-Party Computation (MPC): Splits private keys across multiple parties or devices, eliminating single points of failure while maintaining control.
    • Biometric Security: Incorporating fingerprint, facial recognition, and other biometric methods for additional layers of protection.
    • Cross-Chain Compatibility: Support for multiple ecosystems within a single wallet, facilitating diversification over time.

    Conclusion: Securing Your Crypto Future

    For long-term cryptocurrency holding, cold wallets—especially hardware wallets—offer the security needed to safeguard substantial investments over the years. The small upfront cost ranging from $50 to $300 is a worthwhile investment considering the value they protect and the peace of mind they provide.

    The best wallet depends on your specific needs: Ledger provides broad support, Trezor offers transparency, Coldcard delivers maximum Bitcoin security, while alternatives like Tangem or Material Bitcoin provide unique advantages. Regardless of choice, implementing thorough security measures—secure seed phrase storage, enabling all features, verifying authenticity, operational security practices—is crucial.

    Coupling cold storage with platforms like Token Metrics allows long-term holders to monitor portfolios, make data-driven decisions, and optimize strategies while keeping private keys offline and secured from online threats. This blend of robust security and insightful analytics positions investors for potentially prosperous and protected long-term crypto journeys.

    As the journey of Bitcoin from fractions of a penny to nearly $90,000 illustrates, disciplined long-term holding combined with sound security practices can unlock significant value. Protecting holdings with the right wallet choices and security protocols ensures that investors benefit from crypto’s upside while minimizing vulnerabilities that could lead to loss or theft.

    The crypto space offers tremendous opportunities for those who navigate carefully. Selecting suitable cold storage solutions, applying comprehensive security measures, leveraging advanced analytics from Token Metrics, and maintaining a long-term perspective are key to participating safely and profitably in crypto’s evolving landscape.

    Research

    How Do You Implement Multi-Signature Wallets? A Complete 2025 Guide

    Token Metrics Team
    8
    MIN

    Multi-signature wallets represent one of the most powerful security innovations in cryptocurrency, providing enhanced protection against theft, loss, and unauthorized access. As digital assets become increasingly valuable and institutional adoption accelerates, understanding how to implement multi-signature (multisig) solutions has become essential for serious cryptocurrency holders. Whether you're managing organizational treasury funds, protecting family wealth, or simply seeking maximum security for substantial holdings, multisig wallets offer unparalleled control and redundancy.

    Understanding Multi-Signature Wallet Technology

    A multi-signature wallet requires multiple private keys to authorize a transaction, rather than the single key used in standard wallets. This distributed control model is typically expressed as "M-of-N," where N represents the total number of keys and M represents the minimum number required to authorize transactions.

    For example, a 2-of-3 multisig wallet has three total keys, but only two are needed to move funds. This configuration provides security against single key compromise while offering recovery options if one key is lost. The cryptographic implementation occurs at the blockchain protocol level, meaning transaction authorization requirements are enforced by the network itself, not by centralized services.

    The beauty of multisig lies in eliminating single points of failure. Even if an attacker compromises one key through hacking, phishing, or physical theft, they cannot access funds without obtaining additional keys stored in separate locations with different security measures.

    Common Multi-Signature Configurations

    • 2-of-2 Multisig: This configuration requires both keys to authorize transactions, providing maximum security but no redundancy. Suitable for partnerships where both parties must approve every transaction. However, losing either key permanently locks funds, making this setup risky without proper backup strategies.
    • 2-of-3 Multisig: The most popular configuration balances security and practicality. You might keep one key on a hardware wallet at home, another in a safe deposit box, and a third with a trusted family member or professional custodian. Any two keys authorize transactions, so losing one key doesn't create catastrophic loss. This setup protects against theft (attacker needs two separate keys) while providing recovery options.
    • 3-of-5 Multisig: Organizations often use this configuration, distributing keys among multiple executives or board members. It requires broader consensus for transactions while tolerating loss of up to two keys. The increased complexity matches the higher stakes of organizational treasury management.
    • Advanced Custom Configurations: Advanced users implement schemes like 4-of-7 or 5-of-9 for maximum security and redundancy. These complex arrangements suit high-value holdings, institutional custody, or scenarios requiring distributed governance. However, operational complexity increases proportionally—more keys mean more coordination and management overhead.

    Choosing the Right Multi-Signature Wallet Solution

    Hardware-Based Solutions

    Ledger and Trezor both support multisig configurations, allowing you to use multiple hardware wallets as cosigners. This approach keeps private keys isolated on secure hardware while enabling distributed control. Setting up hardware-based multisig typically involves initializing multiple devices, creating a multisig wallet through compatible software, and registering each hardware wallet as a cosigner.

    Coldcard particularly excels for Bitcoin multisig, offering air-gapped security and extensive multisig features. Its advanced capabilities suit security-conscious users willing to navigate more complex setup procedures for maximum protection.

    Software Coordinators

    While keys should reside on hardware wallets, coordinator software manages multisig wallet creation and transaction building. Electrum provides robust Bitcoin multisig support with straightforward setup procedures. Sparrow Wallet offers excellent multisig features with superior user experience and advanced capabilities.

    For Ethereum and ERC-20 tokens, Gnosis Safe (formerly Gnosis Multisig) has become the industry standard, particularly for DeFi treasury management. Its web interface simplifies multisig operations while maintaining security through hardware wallet integration.

    Blockchain-Specific Considerations

    Bitcoin's native multisig support through P2SH (Pay-to-Script-Hash) and P2WSH (Pay-to-Witness-Script-Hash) addresses provides robust, time-tested functionality. Ethereum implements multisig through smart contracts, offering more flexibility but requiring gas for deployment and transactions.

    Other blockchains like Solana, Cardano, and Polkadot each have unique multisig implementations. Research your specific blockchain's multisig capabilities before committing to particular solutions.

    Step-by-Step Implementation Process

    Planning Your Configuration

    Begin by determining the appropriate M-of-N configuration for your needs. Consider security requirements, number of parties involved, operational frequency, and recovery scenarios. Document your security model clearly, including who controls which keys and under what circumstances transactions should be authorized.

    Acquiring Hardware Wallets

    Purchase the necessary hardware wallets directly from manufacturers. For a 2-of-3 setup, you need three separate hardware wallets. Never reuse the same device or seed phrase—each cosigner must have completely independent keys.

    Initializing Individual Wallets

    Set up each hardware wallet independently, generating unique seed phrases for each device. Record seed phrases on durable materials and store them in separate secure locations. Never digitize seed phrases or store multiple phrases together.

    Creating the Multisig Wallet

    Using your chosen coordinator software, create the multisig wallet by registering each hardware wallet as a cosigner. The software will request the public key or extended public key (xpub) from each device—note that you're sharing public keys only, not private keys.

    The coordinator generates the multisig address where funds will be stored. This address is cryptographically linked to all registered cosigner public keys, ensuring only transactions signed with the required number of private keys will be accepted by the blockchain.

    Testing with Small Amounts

    Before transferring substantial funds, thoroughly test your multisig setup. Send a small amount to the multisig address, then practice creating and signing transactions with the required number of keys. Verify you can successfully move funds out of the wallet before trusting it with significant amounts.

    Test recovery scenarios by attempting to transact using different combinations of keys. Ensure you understand the complete transaction signing workflow and that all cosigners can successfully participate.

    Making Strategic Decisions with Professional Analytics

    Implementing multisig security is just one component of successful cryptocurrency management. Making informed decisions about which assets to hold, when to rebalance, and how to optimize your portfolio requires sophisticated analytical capabilities.

    Discover Crypto Gems with Token Metrics AI

    Operational Best Practices

    Key Distribution Strategy

    Distribute keys across multiple physical locations with different security profiles. Never store multiple keys in the same location—this defeats the purpose of multisig. Consider geographic distribution to protect against localized disasters like fires or floods.

    For keys held by different individuals, ensure clear communication protocols exist. Everyone involved should understand their responsibilities, how to recognize legitimate transaction requests, and procedures for emergency situations.

    Transaction Workflow

    Establish clear processes for initiating, reviewing, and signing transactions. Who can propose transactions? What review occurs before cosigners add signatures? How are urgent situations handled? Documented workflows prevent confusion and ensure all parties understand their roles.

    Use the coordinator software to create transactions, which are then presented to cosigners for review and signature. Each cosigner independently verifies transaction details before signing with their private key. Only after collecting the required number of signatures is the transaction broadcast to the blockchain.

    Regular Audits and Drills

    Periodically verify all keys remain accessible and functional. Practice the complete transaction signing process quarterly or semi-annually to ensure everyone remembers procedures and that all hardware and software remain compatible and updated.

    Test recovery scenarios where one or more keys become unavailable. Verify you can still access funds using alternative key combinations. These drills identify potential issues before emergencies occur.

    Security Considerations

    Protecting Against Internal Threats

    While multisig protects against external attackers, consider internal threats. In a 2-of-3 configuration, any two key holders could collude to steal funds. Select cosigners carefully and consider configurations requiring more keys for higher-value holdings.

    Software and Hardware Updates

    Keep coordinator software and hardware wallet firmware updated to patch security vulnerabilities. However, test updates on small amounts before applying them to wallets holding substantial funds. Occasionally, updates introduce compatibility issues that could temporarily lock access.

    Backup and Recovery Documentation

    Create comprehensive documentation of your multisig setup, including the configuration type, which hardware wallets serve as cosigners, extended public keys, and the multisig address itself. Store this information separately from seed phrases—someone recovering your wallet needs this metadata to reconstruct the multisig configuration.

    Common Pitfalls to Avoid

    Never store multiple seed phrases together, as this recreates single point of failure vulnerabilities. Don't skip testing phases—discover operational issues with small amounts rather than substantial holdings. Avoid overly complex configurations that create operational difficulties, and ensure at least one other trusted person understands your multisig setup for inheritance purposes.

    Advanced Features and Future Developments

    Modern multisig solutions increasingly incorporate time-locks, spending limits, and white-listing features. Smart contract-based multisig wallets on Ethereum offer programmable conditions like daily spending caps, recovery mechanisms after extended inactivity, and role-based permissions.

    Emerging developments include social recovery mechanisms where trusted contacts can help recover wallets, threshold signature schemes (TSS) that improve privacy and efficiency compared to traditional multisig, and standardization efforts making multisig more accessible across different blockchains and wallet providers.

    Conclusion

    Implementing multi-signature wallets significantly enhances cryptocurrency security by eliminating single points of failure and providing recovery options. While setup requires more effort than standard wallets, the protection multisig offers for substantial holdings justifies the additional complexity.

    By carefully planning your configuration, using quality hardware wallets, following proper operational procedures, and leveraging professional platforms like Token Metrics for strategic decision-making, you can build a robust security framework that protects your digital assets while maintaining practical accessibility.

    In an ecosystem where theft and loss are permanent and irreversible, multisig represents best practice for serious cryptocurrency holders who refuse to gamble with their financial future.

    Research

    What is the Biggest Challenge in Building DApps?

    Token Metrics Team
    7
    MIN

    Bottom Line Up Front: User experience remains the single biggest challenge in building decentralized applications (DApps), encompassing wallet complexity, transaction costs, slow speeds, and the steep learning curve that prevents mainstream adoption—despite significant technological advances in blockchain infrastructure.

    Decentralized applications represent the future of web3, promising censorship-resistant, permissionless platforms that return control to users. However, despite billions in venture capital funding and thousands of DApps launched across multiple blockchains, mainstream adoption remains elusive. The challenges facing DApp developers are multifaceted and interconnected, but one stands above the rest: creating an experience that rivals traditional centralized applications while maintaining the core principles of decentralization.

    For developers and investors navigating this complex landscape, platforms like Token Metrics provide critical insights into which DApps are overcoming these challenges and gaining real user traction through comprehensive analytics and on-chain data analysis.

    The User Experience Barrier

    While technological purists might point to scalability or security as the primary challenges, the reality is that user experience (UX) creates the most significant barrier to DApp adoption. Traditional application users expect seamless, intuitive experiences—one-click sign-ups, instant loading, and forgiving interfaces. DApps, by contrast, often require users to navigate complex wallet setups, manage private keys, pay gas fees, wait for block confirmations, and understand blockchain-specific concepts before performing even simple actions.

    This friction manifests in stark adoption statistics. As of 2025, even the most successful DApps have user bases measured in hundreds of thousands or low millions—a fraction of comparable centralized applications. Metamask, the leading Ethereum wallet, has approximately 30 million monthly active users globally, while traditional fintech apps like PayPal serve hundreds of millions.

    Wallet Management: The First Hurdle

    The journey begins with wallet onboarding, an immediate obstacle for non-technical users. Creating a self-custodial wallet requires users to understand public-private key cryptography, secure their seed phrases (often 12-24 random words), and accept that there's no "forgot password" option. Lose your seed phrase, and your assets are permanently inaccessible—a terrifying proposition for mainstream users accustomed to account recovery options.

    Smart contract wallets and social recovery mechanisms are emerging solutions, but they add complexity to the development process and aren't yet standardized across the ecosystem. Account abstraction promises to abstract away these complexities, but implementation remains inconsistent across different blockchains.

    Transaction Costs and Volatility

    Gas fees represent another critical challenge that directly impacts user experience and development decisions. During periods of network congestion, Ethereum transaction costs have exceeded $50-100 for simple operations, making small-value transactions economically impractical. While Layer 2 solutions like Arbitrum, Optimism, and Polygon have dramatically reduced costs, they introduce additional complexity through bridge mechanisms and fragmented liquidity.

    Moreover, gas fee volatility creates unpredictable user experiences. A DApp might cost pennies to use one day and dollars the next, depending on network conditions. This unpredictability is antithetical to the consistent pricing models users expect from traditional applications.

    Developers must architect DApps to minimize on-chain transactions, carefully optimize smart contract code for gas efficiency, and often subsidize transaction costs for users—all adding development complexity and operational expenses.

    Performance and Speed Limitations

    Despite significant blockchain infrastructure improvements, DApps still struggle with performance compared to centralized alternatives. Block confirmation times mean users wait seconds or even minutes for transaction finality—an eternity in modern web standards where sub-second response times are expected.

    This latency affects different DApp categories differently. Decentralized finance (DeFi) applications can often tolerate confirmation delays, but gaming DApps and social platforms require near-instant interactions to feel responsive. Developers must implement creative workarounds like optimistic UI updates and off-chain computation, adding development complexity.

    Blockchain data retrieval also presents challenges. Querying smart contract state efficiently requires specialized indexing infrastructure like The Graph protocol, adding dependencies and potential centralization vectors that complicate the development stack.

    Smart Contract Development Complexity

    Building secure smart contracts requires specialized expertise in languages like Solidity, Rust, or Vyper—skills that are scarce and expensive in the developer marketplace. Unlike traditional development where bugs can be patched with updates, smart contract vulnerabilities can result in irreversible loss of user funds.

    The industry has witnessed numerous high-profile exploits resulting in billions of dollars stolen from DApps. The Ronin bridge hack cost $625 million, while protocol vulnerabilities in DeFi platforms continue to drain funds regularly. This necessitates extensive auditing, formal verification, and bug bounty programs—all adding significant time and cost to development cycles.

    Developers must also navigate rapidly evolving standards and best practices. What constitutes secure smart contract architecture today may be considered vulnerable tomorrow as new attack vectors are discovered. This creates ongoing maintenance burdens that exceed traditional application development.

    Interoperability and Fragmentation

    The blockchain ecosystem's fragmentation across multiple Layer 1 and Layer 2 networks creates additional development challenges. Building truly multi-chain DApps requires understanding different virtual machines (EVM vs. non-EVM), varying security models, and bridge mechanisms that introduce their own risks.

    Each blockchain ecosystem has different wallet support, block times, programming languages, and development tools. Developers must either choose a single chain and accept limited addressable market, or multiply development effort by supporting multiple chains. Cross-chain communication protocols exist but add complexity and potential security vulnerabilities.

    Data Availability and Storage

    Blockchain storage is expensive and limited, making it impractical to store large amounts of data on-chain. DApp developers must implement hybrid architectures combining on-chain smart contracts with off-chain storage solutions like IPFS, Arweave, or centralized databases—reintroducing trust assumptions and complexity.

    This creates challenges for DApps requiring rich media content, detailed user profiles, or historical data access. Developers must carefully architect which data lives on-chain (typically just critical state and proofs) versus off-chain (everything else), managing synchronization and availability across these layers.

    Regulatory Uncertainty

    While not purely technical, regulatory ambiguity significantly impacts DApp development decisions. Developers must navigate unclear legal frameworks regarding token issuance, securities laws, anti-money laundering requirements, and jurisdictional questions. This uncertainty affects funding, feature design, and even whether to proceed with certain DApp concepts.

    DeFi applications face particular scrutiny regarding compliance with financial regulations, while NFT marketplaces grapple with intellectual property concerns. Developers often lack clear guidance on how to remain compliant while maintaining decentralization principles.

    Leveraging Analytics for Success

    For DApp developers and investors tracking this evolving landscape, Token Metrics stands out as a premier crypto analytics platform. Token Metrics provides comprehensive data on DApp performance metrics, including user activity, transaction volumes, total value locked (TVL), and smart contract interactions across multiple blockchains.

    The platform's AI-driven analytics help identify which DApps are successfully overcoming adoption challenges, revealing patterns in user retention, growth trajectories, and protocol health. This intelligence is invaluable for developers benchmarking against competitors and investors seeking projects with genuine traction beyond marketing hype.

    Token Metrics' on-chain analysis capabilities allow stakeholders to distinguish between vanity metrics and authentic user engagement—critical for evaluating DApp success in an industry where metrics can be easily manipulated.

    The Path Forward

    While numerous challenges exist in DApp development, user experience encompasses and amplifies most others. Improvements in blockchain scalability, account abstraction, gasless transactions, and better development tools are gradually addressing these issues. However, bridging the gap between DApp and traditional app experiences remains the industry's paramount challenge.

    Successful DApps increasingly abstract blockchain complexity behind familiar interfaces, subsidize user transaction costs, and implement hybrid architectures that balance decentralization with performance. Those that master this balance while maintaining security will drive the next wave of mainstream blockchain adoption.

    As the ecosystem matures, platforms like Token Metrics become essential for navigating the thousands of DApps competing for users and capital, providing the data-driven insights necessary to identify which projects are truly solving the adoption challenge rather than simply building technology in search of users.

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    Copyright © 2025 - Token Metrics - All Rights Reserved

    Token Metrics Media LLC is a regular publication of information, analysis, and commentary focused especially on blockchain technology and business, cryptocurrency, blockchain-based tokens, market trends, and trading strategies.

    Token Metrics Media LLC does not provide individually tailored investment advice and does not take a subscriber’s or anyone’s personal circumstances into consideration when discussing investments; nor is Token Metrics Advisers LLC registered as an investment adviser or broker-dealer in any jurisdiction.

    Information contained herein is not an offer or solicitation to buy, hold, or sell any security. The Token Metrics team has advised and invested in many blockchain companies. A complete list of their advisory roles and current holdings can be viewed here: https://tokenmetrics.com/disclosures.html/

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