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What Is Proof of Stake? A Complete Guide to PoS in 2025

Learn how Proof of Stake works, why it powers modern blockchains, and how investors can earn rewards through staking in 2025
Token Metrics Team
6 min
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Introduction: Why Proof of Stake Matters

In the world of blockchain, consensus mechanisms are what keep networks secure and functional. One of the most important of these is Proof of Stake (PoS)—a model that has become the standard for next‑generation blockchains like Ethereum, Cardano, and Solana.

In 2025, PoS dominates the crypto landscape, offering a more energy‑efficient, scalable, and inclusive alternative to the older Proof of Work (PoW) model. This article breaks down how PoS works, why it matters, its benefits and risks, and how platforms like Token Metrics can help investors optimize staking strategies.

What Is Proof of Stake?

Proof of Stake is a consensus mechanism that allows blockchains to validate transactions and create new blocks based on the number of tokens held (or “staked”) by network participants.

Instead of using powerful computers to solve complex puzzles (as in Proof of Work), PoS relies on validators—individuals or entities who lock up tokens as collateral to help maintain the network.

In return, these validators earn staking rewards, making PoS not only an essential part of blockchain operations but also a way for investors to generate passive income.

How Does Proof of Stake Work?

  1. Staking Tokens:
    Participants lock up their tokens (e.g., ETH, ADA) in a wallet or staking pool.

  2. Validator Selection:
    The network algorithm selects validators to propose and confirm new blocks based on their stake size and other factors (sometimes including randomness).

  3. Block Validation:
    Validators verify transactions and add new blocks to the chain.

  4. Reward Distribution:
    Validators earn rewards in the form of newly minted tokens or transaction fees.

  5. Penalties (Slashing):
    Misbehavior—such as double‑signing or being offline—can result in losing a portion of the staked tokens, ensuring network security and accountability.

Proof of Stake vs. Proof of Work

Proof of Work (PoW):

  • Used by Bitcoin.
  • Requires high‑energy mining operations.
  • Limited scalability.

Proof of Stake (PoS):

  • Used by Ethereum (post‑Merge), Cardano, Solana, and many others.
  • Energy‑efficient—uses 99% less energy than PoW.
  • More scalable, enabling faster and cheaper transactions.

In 2025, PoS is considered the future of blockchain consensus thanks to its efficiency and accessibility.

Major PoS Blockchains in 2025

  1. Ethereum (ETH):
    Transitioned to PoS in 2022 during The Merge, allowing ETH holders to stake and earn rewards.

  2. Cardano (ADA):
    Pioneered a research‑driven PoS model (Ouroboros) for secure and sustainable blockchain growth.

  3. Solana (SOL):
    Combines PoS with Proof of History for high‑speed, low‑cost transactions.

  4. Polkadot (DOT):
    Uses a Nominated Proof of Stake (NPoS) model, letting token holders nominate validators for network security.

  5. Token Metrics AI (TMAI):
    Integrates PoS into its ecosystem while leveraging AI analytics for blockchain intelligence.

Benefits of Proof of Stake

  1. Energy Efficiency:
    PoS drastically reduces environmental impact compared to PoW mining.

  2. Accessibility:
    Anyone can stake tokens—no need for expensive mining hardware.

  3. Passive Income:
    Token holders earn rewards by participating in staking pools or running validator nodes.

  4. Decentralization & Security:
    PoS encourages broader participation, strengthening network security.

Risks of Proof of Stake

While PoS is revolutionary, it’s not without challenges:

  • Slashing Penalties: Validators who act maliciously or go offline risk losing their stake.
  • Centralization Risks: Large holders may dominate staking pools, reducing decentralization.
  • Liquidity Issues: Staked tokens are often locked for a period, limiting flexibility.
  • Regulatory Uncertainty: As staking becomes more widespread, governments are exploring potential regulations.

Platforms like Token Metrics help mitigate these risks by offering in‑depth analytics on validators, staking pools, and network activity.

How to Earn with PoS: Staking in 2025

1. Solo Staking:
Run your own validator node. This requires technical expertise and meeting minimum staking requirements (e.g., 32 ETH for Ethereum).

2. Pooled Staking:
Join staking pools that combine funds from multiple users, making it easier for beginners to participate.

3. Liquid Staking:
Use platforms like Lido or Rocket Pool to stake while maintaining liquidity through derivative tokens you can trade or use in DeFi.

4. Exchange Staking:
Centralized exchanges (e.g., Coinbase, Binance) offer simple staking options, though they often take a fee.

Using Token Metrics for PoS Insights

Token Metrics empowers PoS investors with:

  • AI‑Driven Analytics: Identify the most profitable staking opportunities.
  • Validator Ratings: Evaluate validators based on performance, uptime, and security.
  • Portfolio Optimization: Balance your staked assets across multiple blockchains.
  • Market Signals: Get alerts when staking yields or network conditions change.

This makes staking easier, safer, and more profitable for both beginners and experienced investors.

Practical Tips for PoS Investors

  1. Diversify: Stake across multiple blockchains to minimize risk.
  2. Research Validators: Choose validators with strong reputations and consistent uptime.
  3. Stay Liquid: Use liquid staking platforms for flexibility.
  4. MonitorRewards: Use Token Metrics to track real‑time staking yields and make adjustments.

The Future of Proof of Stake

In 2025, PoS is expected to power the majority of leading blockchains, supporting innovations in DeFi, NFTs, AI‑driven ecosystems, and real‑world asset tokenization.

Its combination of efficiency, scalability, and accessibility makes it the go‑to consensus mechanism for the next era of Web3 development.

Conclusion

Proof of Stake has redefined how blockchains achieve consensus, making networks more sustainable, secure, and inclusive. For investors, PoS offers an exciting opportunity to earn passive income while supporting blockchain ecosystems.

By leveraging AI‑powered analytics from Token Metrics, you can maximize staking rewards, identify top‑performing validators, and manage risk effectively.

In 2025, understanding PoS isn’t just for developers—it’s an essential tool for every crypto investor.

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About Token Metrics
Token Metrics: AI-powered crypto research and ratings platform. We help investors make smarter decisions with unbiased Token Metrics Ratings, on-chain analytics, and editor-curated “Top 10” guides. Our platform distills thousands of data points into clear scores, trends, and alerts you can act on.
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analysts, data scientists, and crypto engineers
30 Employees
analysts, data scientists, and crypto engineers
30 Employees
analysts, data scientists, and crypto engineers
Want Smarter Crypto Picks—Free?
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Token Metrics Team
Token Metrics Team

Recent Posts

Research

Crypto Index vs DIY Basket: Time, Slippage, and Missed Rebalances (2025)

Token Metrics Team
5

Building your own crypto basket sounds simple—until you’re juggling 10–50 tickers, spreadsheets, rebalance rules, spreads across chains, and the constant fear of missing regime turns. A crypto index removes that manual grind: TM Global 100 holds the top 100 assets when the market is bullish and moves fully to stablecoins when it’s not, with weekly rebalancing and full transparency of holdings and transactions. One click to buy, zero maintenance to keep up.

→ Join the waitlist to be first to trade TM Global 100.

Why Indices Matters in October 2025

In 2025, time and execution quality are alpha. Manually maintaining a DIY basket multiplies complexity: fragmented liquidity, multiple wallets, chain fees, and coordination across exchanges—all while markets move. A rules-based index compresses that overhead into a single, auditable product with pre-declared logic and scheduled upkeep.

Definition (snippet-ready): A crypto index is a rules-based basket of digital assets that rebalances on a set schedule and/or when market conditions change, so you don’t have to micromanage individual coins.

Traders searching “DIY crypto basket,” “regime switching,” or “weekly rebalancing” usually want one thing: broad exposure without the constant maintenance and the regret of missed rebalances. That’s the exact problem Token Metrics Global 100 addresses with weekly updates and regime switching to stablecoins when signals turn bearish.

How the TM Global 100 Index Works (Plain English)

  • Regime switching: When signals are bullish, the index holds the top 100 by market cap; when bearish, it exits fully to stablecoins to wait for re-entry.
  • Weekly rebalancing: Aligns weights and constituents with updated rankings; regime changes can also trigger full portfolio shifts.
  • Transparency: Strategy modal explains selection & rebalancing rules; Holdings show a treemap/table; Index Transactions log all changes.

What you’ll see on launch: Price tile, signal gauge, tokens=100, “rebalances weekly,” contract address, and a Buy Index button with a ~90-second live demo flow showcased in launch content.

→ See the strategy and rules. (TM Global 100 strategy)

Benefits at a Glance (Why This Beats DIY)

  • Time saved: Replace multi-exchange shopping, wallet hops, and manual allocations with one click.
  • Fewer missed rebalances: Weekly cadence + visible transactions log reduce the cost of “I’ll do it tomorrow.”
  • Slippage discipline: Centralized execution with declared slippage/fee previews helps contain surprises vs piecemeal orders.
  • Regime switching: Codified “risk-off” behavior into stablecoins during bears, so you don’t have to white-knuckle exits. (No performance promises.)
  • Transparency: Strategy modal → Holdings treemap/table → Transactions log—see exactly what you hold and when it changed.

Proof cues (What you’ll see): Gauge (market signal) → Treemap (allocations) → Transactions Log → ~90-second Buy flow.

Step-by-Step: How to Get Early Access (Waitlist)

  1. Open the Token Metrics Indices hub and select TM Global 100.
  2. Add your email to the waitlist so you’re first in line at launch.
  3. (Optional) Connect your wallet—our embedded, self-custodial smart wallet supports major chains.
  4. On launch day, you’ll see the price tile, signal gauge, and “Buy Index.”
  5. Review the strategy, expected fees/slippage, and holdings; confirm to purchase.
  6. Track your position in My Indices; rebalances and any regime switches will appear in the transactions log.
→ Join the waitlist to be first to trade TM Global 100.

Decision Guide: Is This Right for You?

  • Hands-Off Allocator: Want broad exposure without micromanaging? Consider a rules-based core that updates weekly.
  • Active Trader: Keep your bets, but use an index core that may step to stablecoins during bears.
  • TM Member/Prospect: Prefer transparent holdings, logs, and a simple buy/sell flow.
  • Time-Strapped Professional: Reduce ops work (wallets, slippage math, spreadsheets) to nearly zero.
  • New to Crypto: Learn with training wheels—strategy modal, tooltips, and clear risk language.
  • DIY Purist: If you enjoy tinkering with weights daily, DIY could still fit—just know weekly index upkeep is handled for you.

FAQs

What is a crypto index?

A rules-based basket of assets with scheduled rebalancing and, in TM Global 100’s case, a regime switch between top-100 exposure and stablecoins.

How often does the index rebalance?

Weekly, with additional full-portfolio switches when the market regime changes.

What triggers the move to stablecoins?

A proprietary market signal. When bearish, the index exits tokens into stablecoins and waits for a bullish re-entry.

Can I fund with USDC or fiat?

Funding options surface based on your connected wallet and supported chains; USDC payouts are supported on selling. (Stablecoin entry may come later.)

Is the wallet custodial?

No. The embedded wallet is self-custodial; you control funds.

How are fees shown?

The Buy flow shows estimated gas, platform fee, max slippage, and minimum expected value before you confirm.

How do I join the waitlist?

Visit the Indices hub → TM Global 100 → enter your email to get notified and first access at launch.

Security, Risk & Transparency

  • Self-custody: You transact via an embedded, self-custodial smart wallet.
  • Visibility: Strategy modal, Holdings treemap/table, and Transactions log make changes auditable.
  • Fee & slippage preview: See estimated gas, platform fee, max slippage, and minimum expected value before confirming.
  • Regime logic limits: Signals can be wrong; markets can gap; weekly rebalances can’t eliminate risk.
  • Region/chain notes: Supported chains surface in-product; availability and options may vary.

Crypto is volatile and can lose value. Past performance is not indicative of future results. This article is for research/education, not financial advice.

Conclusion

If you’ve ever missed a rebalance or watched slippage eat into returns, Token Metrics Global 100 can help standardize the work: rules-based logic, weekly updates, and a visible log of everything that changed. Join the waitlist to be first to trade, and make a disciplined index your core.

→ Join the waitlist to be first to trade TM Global 100.
Research

Regime Switching in Crypto: Participate in Upside, Sit Out Drawdowns (2025)

Token Metrics Team
5

Timing crypto cycles is inherently challenging. Volatility in the crypto markets can lead to sharp swings—either capturing gains during bull runs or avoiding deep drawdowns during unfavorable trends. A regime switching crypto index offers a systematic way to adapt to changing market conditions, using rules-based allocations that switch between risk-on assets and stablecoins accordingly. Token Metrics offers tools to help analyze these strategies with transparency and real-time insights.

Why Indices Matter in October 2025

Crypto markets tend to operate in distinct regimes—periods of momentum followed by corrections that can reverse gains quickly. Investors and analysts seeking to implement regime switching or weekly rebalancing frameworks value simplicity and clarity. These approaches help in maintaining discipline, managing risks, and capturing market trends effectively.

Definition of Regime Switching in Crypto

Regime switching in crypto refers to a rules-based investment method that adjusts portfolio exposure based on prevailing market conditions. Typically, this involves rotating into a diversified basket of tokens in bullish phases and shifting into stablecoins during bearish trends, thus managing risk while seeking to ride upward trends.

Why Now: The Rationale for Regime Switching

  • Cycle Asymmetry: Capturing upward trends while limiting downside drawdowns can influence long-term outcomes positively.
  • Operational Efficiency: Automated, rules-based rebalancing reduces errors and slippage tied to manual adjustments across multiple tokens or exchanges.
  • Transparency: Real-time insight into holdings, rebalancing rationale, and transaction history fosters trust and clarity.

How the TM Global 100 Index Works (Plain English)

This index employs regime switching principles: during bullish periods, it holds the top 100 crypto assets by market cap; during bearish times, it exits into stablecoins and waits for buy signals. The index performs weekly rebalancing based on updated rankings, liquidity, and supply metrics. Transparency is maintained through clear strategy rules, gauges, Treemap views, and detailed transaction logs.

Benefits at a Glance (Why This Beats DIY)

  • Rules, not vibes: Automated logic minimizes emotional decision-making.
  • Fewer operational mistakes: Single, streamlined flows replace manual multi-step trades.
  • Discipline in switching: Full rotation into stablecoins at bearish signals reduces hesitation and second-guessing.
  • Cost visibility: Estimated gas, platform fees, and expected minimum value are shown upfront.
  • Full transparency: Holdings treemaps and transaction histories keep you informed.
  • Consistent cadence: Weekly updates ensure alignment with market trends.

Step-by-Step: How to Get Early Access (Waitlist)

  1. Visit the Token Metrics Indices hub.
  2. Find the TM Global 100 index card and tap “Join Waitlist”.
  3. Add your email to receive launch notifications.
  4. Optionally, connect your wallet in advance to streamline onboarding on launch day.
  5. On launch day, you will receive an email when the index opens for trading. The interface features gauges, strategy details, and holdings for instant review.
  6. Complete the purchase of the index in about 90 seconds by confirming your wallet, reviewing potential fees, and confirming the buy.
  7. Track your position within “My Indices” once active.

Join the waitlist to be first to trade TM Global 100.

Decision Guide: Is This Right for You?

  • Hands-Off Allocator: Ideal for those seeking broad market exposure with minimal management.
  • Active Trader: Useful as a core strategy with rules-based rebalancing, supporting satellite bets.
  • Token Metrics Member/Prospect: For users who value transparent, research-backed rules over discretionary choices.
  • Crypto Newcomer: Simplifies entry with one-button buy, weekly updates, and clear rules.
  • Time-Constrained Pro: Reduces operational overhead while maintaining clarity and predictability.
  • Skeptical of Forecasts: Prefers systematic processes over relying on predictions or forecasts.

FAQs

What is a regime switching crypto index?

A rules-based portfolio that allocates to a diversified token basket during bullish phases and switches to stablecoins during bearish conditions, based on predefined signals. Token Metrics implements this with a top-100 universe and full stablecoin rotation in downturns.

How often does the index rebalance?

It rebalances weekly to reflect changes in rankings and liquidity. Significant regime changes can occur outside the schedule when market signals trigger a switch.

What triggers the move to stablecoins?

A proprietary market signal prompts the index to exit token positions and move into stablecoins during bearish phases, waiting for a bullish signal to re-enter.

Can I fund with USDC or fiat?

Funding occurs via an embedded, self-custodial wallet supporting major chains. USDC payouts are supported when selling. Funding options depend on your wallet and region.

Is the wallet custodial?

No. It is self-custodial, giving you control of keys and funds.

How are fees shown?

Before confirming a trade, estimated gas, platform fee, slippage, and expected minimum value are displayed.

How do I join the waitlist?

Visit the Token Metrics Indices hub, open TM Global 100, and tap “Join Waitlist”. You will be notified at launch.

Security, Risk & Transparency

  • Self-custody is prioritized: You control your keys and funds.
  • Transparency is built into the process: Fees, holdings, and transaction logs are visible before and after trades.
  • Market signals are based on rules; sudden gaps and spreads can impact outcomes.
  • Supported regions and asset options may vary due to geography.

Crypto markets are volatile and can fluctuate rapidly. Past performance does not predict future results. This article aims to educate and inform, not provide financial advice.

Conclusion

For a disciplined, transparent approach to broad crypto exposure that adapts to market regimes, the TM Global 100 index offers a rules-based platform with weekly rebalancing and full visibility. It enables investors to focus on allocation without the stress of micromanagement.

Join the waitlist to be first to trade TM Global 100.

Research

Regime Switching in Crypto: Participate in Upside, Sit Out Drawdowns (2025)

Token Metrics Team
5

Timing crypto cycles is inherently challenging. Market volatility can work both ways: investors seek broad upside potential during bullish phases, yet require the discipline to step aside when market trends and liquidity conditions reverse. A regime switching crypto index precisely addresses this need—employing rules-based mechanisms to adjust market exposure during different conditions. Our flagship implementation, Token Metrics Global 100, exemplifies this approach: it dynamically shifts between a top-100 crypto basket during bullish periods and stablecoins during downturns, with weekly rebalancing, transparent holdings, and verifiable transactions. Designed for investors who prefer market exposure without the need to micromanage individual tokens or succumb to emotional biases, this system offers a disciplined approach to crypto participation.

Why Indices Matter in October 2025

Crypto markets tend to operate in distinct regimes—prolonged phases of risk-on momentum followed by swift drawdowns that can negate earlier gains. Those exploring "regime switching," "weekly rebalancing," or "crypto index" strategies seek frameworks that are straightforward, practical, and easy to implement.

Definition (for snippets):

Regime switching in crypto refers to a rules-based portfolio approach that adjusts exposure based on market conditions—rotating between a diversified assortment of tokens in uptrends and moving into stablecoins during declines.

Why now:

  • Cycle asymmetry: Capturing trending phases while minimizing drawdowns can significantly influence long-term performance.
  • Operational burden: Manual rebalancing across multiple tokens increases errors and delays; a standardized, rules-based process reduces these issues.
  • Clarity: Real-time transparency into holdings, rationale, and changes enhances confidence and ease of management.

How the Token Metrics Global 100 Index Works

Regime switching: During bullish periods, the index holds the top-100 cryptocurrencies by market cap across sectors and chains. In bearish conditions, it exits to stablecoins and waits for an upward signal to re-enter.

Weekly rebalancing: The index updates constituent weights based on market-cap rankings and liquidity metrics, adjusting on a set schedule.

Transparency: The index employs defined rules, with visual tools like gauges, treemaps, and logs that allow users to verify holdings and changes.

What you’ll see upon launch:

Price tile, list of 100 tokens, clear indication of weekly rebalancing, and a simplified buy flow supported by a self-custodial wallet. You can review the strategy and rules at a glance.

Benefits at a Glance (Why This Beats DIY)

  • Rules, not vibes: Automated regime logic minimizes emotional trading.
  • Fewer operational mistakes: Single, streamlined process replaces multiple manual trades across platforms.
  • Discipline in switching: Strict rotation into stablecoins during downturn signals eliminates second-guessing.
  • Visible slippage & fees: Estimated gas, platform fee, and minimum expected value are shown before trade confirmation.
  • Full visibility: Interactive holdings treemaps, transaction logs, and real-time data keep you informed.
  • Weekly updates: Regular rebalancing aligns the index with current market conditions.

Step-by-Step: How to Get Early Access (Waitlist)

  1. Open the Token Metrics Indices hub.
  2. Find the TM Global 100 index and tap "Join Waitlist."
  3. Enter your email to receive notifications at launch.
  4. (Optional) Connect your wallet to streamline the buy process on day one.
  5. On launch day, receive an email alert; you can review Gauge → Strategy → Holdings quickly.
  6. Confirm your wallet, review fees/slippage, and purchase the index, then track your position in "My Indices."

Discover crypto benefits with disciplined rebalancing—join the waitlist to be among the first to trade the TM Global 100.

Decision Guide: Is This Right for You?

  • Hands-Off Allocator: Prefer broad market exposure paired with rules-based discipline?
  • Active Trader: Use this index as a core, with room for satellite positions.
  • TM Member/Prospect: Value transparent, research-backed rules over discretionary guesswork.
  • Crypto Newcomer: Seek a simple, one-click approach with weekly updates.
  • Time-Strapped Professional: Minimize operational overhead and maximize clarity.
  • Skeptical of forecasts: Favor process, signals, and scheduled rebalancing over predictions.

FAQs

What is a regime switching crypto index?

A rules-based portfolio that adjusts exposure between a diversified token basket during bullish markets and stablecoins during bearish phases, based on predefined signals. The Token Metrics Global 100 implements this by focusing on the top-100 tokens with an integrated stablecoin switch in downturns.

How often does the index rebalance?

Rebalancing occurs weekly to reflect latest rankings and liquidity thresholds. However, regime shifts can happen outside the scheduled rebalancing when market signals change abruptly.

What triggers the move to stablecoins?

A proprietary market signal detects bearish conditions, prompting the index to exit crypto positions into stablecoins, awaiting a bullish re-entry signal.

Can I fund with USDC or fiat?

Funding occurs via an embedded self-custodial wallet supporting major chains; options depend on your wallet and region. USDC payouts are supported upon sale. Regional and asset availability may vary.

Is the wallet custodial?

No. The embedded wallet is self-custodial, giving you full control over your keys and funds.

How are fees shown?

Before confirming a trade, estimated gas costs, platform fees, and maximum slippage are displayed, along with the minimum expected value.

How do I join the waitlist?

Visit the Token Metrics Indices hub, open the TM Global 100, and tap "Join Waitlist." You will receive a notification at launch.

Security, Risk & Transparency

  • Self-custody first: You control your keys and funds through an embedded smart wallet.
  • Pre-trade transparency: Fees, slippage, and holdings are previewed before any transaction.
  • Logs and records: Strategy, holdings, and transaction histories are visible on the platform.
  • Regime logic limitations: Signals can be wrong; market gaps and spreads may impact outcomes.
  • Regional considerations: Availability and supported chains vary geographically.

Crypto markets are volatile and can experience value declines. Past performance does not predict future results. This content is intended for educational and research purposes only.

Conclusion

If you seek a disciplined, transparent method to participate in the crypto market while avoiding emotional pitfalls during downturns, the TM Global 100 offers a rules-based, weekly rebalanced solution. With comprehensive visibility into holdings and transactions, it enables a focused approach to market exposure without added anxiety.

Join the waitlist to be among the first to trade the TM Global 100.

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