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Pump and Dump Schemes - How to Spot and Avoid Investment Scams

Learn everything about pump and dump schemes and how to identify it, in this descriptive guide.
Token Metrics Team
7 Minutes
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As the world of finance continues to evolve, new and innovative investment opportunities have emerged. However, alongside these opportunities come potential risks and scams.

One such scam that has become increasingly prevalent is the "pump and dump" scheme. In this article, we'll discuss what a pump and dump scheme is, how to spot it, and how to avoid falling victim to such investment scams.

What is Pump and Dump?

Pump and dump is a type of investment fraud used in the financial market where one or more people intentionally raise the price of a stock, crypto or other financial assets by disseminating false or deceptive information to lure investors. 

Once the price has increased to the desired level, these manipulators sell their shares at a profit, leading to a decrease in price, and leaving innocent investors with securities that are either worthless or overpriced.

How Does the Pump and Dump Scheme Work?

The mechanics of a pump and dump scheme works by manipulating microcap assets, such as penny stocks or cheap cryptos, which are companies with a small market capitalization. These assets are usually traded at a very low price, and do not follow strict requirements for public listing.

Therefore, scammers can easily manipulate information about these assets. The lack of publicly available information provides fraudsters with favorable conditions since potential investors lack the necessary sources to verify all the information about a company and management.

Moreover, microcap assets are highly illiquid and have very low trading volume. As a result, even small transactions can significantly boost the asset price.

The fraudster typically starts by buying a large number of shares in that type of micro cap asset, then spreading false information about the company through various channels, such as social media, chat rooms, and email newsletters.

Once the price of the asset has been artificially inflated, the fraudsters will begin selling their holdings, realizing significant profits. As the scheme is uncovered, the price of the asset typically plummets, leaving unsuspecting investors with significant losses.

Types of Pump and Dump Schemes

There are several types of pump and dump schemes in financial world, including:

Pre-arranged pump and dump: A group of fraudsters will agree to buy a particular asset simultaneously, creating an artificial demand and price surge. Once the price has reached a certain level, the fraudsters will sell their holdings, causing the price to crash.

Social media pump and dump: Fraudsters will use social media platforms to spread false information and create hype around a particular cryptocurrency, stocks or any other asset, encouraging investors to buy. Once the price has been inflated, the fraudsters will sell their holdings.

Exchange-based pump and dump: Fraudsters will use exchanges with low liquidity to create artificial demand for a particular asset, causing the price to surge. Once the fraudsters have sold their holdings, the price typically crashes.

Role of Social Media in Pump and Dump Schemes

Social media plays a significant role in pump and dump schemes as it allows individuals to disseminate false or misleading information about a stock or cryptocurrency quickly and easily to a large audience. 

Scammers may create fake social media profiles or use existing ones to promote the cryptocurrency or digital asset and spread positive news about it, encouraging others to invest. They may also use social media to organize groups of investors to buy and sell the asset at specific times to manipulate its price. 

Social media platforms such as Twitter and Telegram are popular channels for these activities. Investors must be cautious and verify the accuracy of information before making investment decisions based on social media posts or messages.

Pump and Dump Examples

Here are some real-life examples of crypto pump and dump schemes:

Verge - In April 2018, the cryptocurrency Verge experienced a sudden price increase of over 300% in just a few hours. The price increase was caused by a group of individuals who coordinated a pump and dump scheme on social media platforms. The group created false hype around the cryptocurrency, which caused a massive influx of investors who were looking to get rich quickly. 

Soon after the scheme was executed, the value of the cryptocurrency dropped sharply, resulting in substantial losses for investors who failed to dispose of their holdings promptly.

DogecoinDogecoin is a cryptocurrency that was created as a joke in 2013 but gained a significant following due to its popularity on social media. In 2021, a group of individuals on Reddit coordinated a pump and dump scheme on Dogecoin, causing its value to increase significantly in a very short span of time.

The group created a social media campaign that encouraged investors to buy and hold Dogecoin, which caused its value to skyrocket. However, as with all pump and dump schemes, the value of the cryptocurrency eventually plummeted, causing significant losses for investors who were not able to sell their holdings in time.

How to Spot Pump and Dump?

There are several warning signs that investors can look for to spot a pump and dump scheme -

High-pressure sales tactics - Fraudsters often use high-pressure sales tactics to convince investors to buy into a stock or crypto quickly before the price goes up. They may use language such as "this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity" or "you don't want to miss out on this."

Unsolicited investment advice - Be wary of unsolicited investment advice from people you don't know, especially if it comes in the form of an email or social media message. Fraudsters may pose as legitimate investment advisors or insiders and offer tips on assets that are "about to take off."

Huge price swings - If you see a stock that is experiencing huge price swings with no apparent reason, this could be a sign of a pump and dump scheme. 

Lack of information - If you can't find any information about a company or its products, this could be a red flag. Pump and dump fraudsters often create shell companies or use obscure assets to make it difficult for investors to do their due diligence.

Misleading information - Be skeptical of any information that seems too good to be true. Pump and dump fraudsters often make false or misleading statements about a company's financial health, products, or industry.

How to Avoid Pump and Dump Schemes?

Here are some tips for avoiding pump and dump investment scams:

Do your research - Before investing in any stock, crypto or other asset, do your research. Read the company's annual report, financial statements, and news articles about the company.

Be skeptical - If an investment opportunity seems too good to be true, it probably is. Be skeptical of high-pressure sales tactics, unsolicited investment advice, and promises of guaranteed returns.

Avoid small-cap cryptocurrencies or assets - Investors should be wary of investing in small-cap cryptocurrencies or assets, particularly those with low liquidity.

Use stop-loss orders - Investors can use stop-loss orders to automatically sell their holdings if the price of the cryptocurrency or assets falls below a certain level.

Diversify your portfolio - Don't put all your eggs in one basket. Diversify your portfolio by investing in a variety of stocks, bonds, cryptos and other assets. This will help minimize your risk and protect you from losses.

Use a reputable trading platform - When buying or selling assets, use a reputable trading platform only. Check the platform's credentials and make sure they are trusted, widely used and legally registered.

Is Pump and Dump illegal?

Yes, the pump and dump scheme is illegal as it involves the intentional manipulation of the price of assets through false or misleading information. This scheme is a violation of securities laws in many jurisdictions and can result in serious legal consequences for those who participate in it. 

In addition to legal repercussions, individuals who fall victim to the pump and dump scheme can suffer significant financial losses. It is essential for investors to be aware of the risks associated with this fraudulent activity and to exercise caution when investing in cryptocurrencies.

The Bottom Line

In conclusion, the pump and dump scheme is a fraudulent trading strategy that manipulates the price of financial assets by artificially inflating its value resulting in illegal profits for a select group of individuals. 

It is important for investors to be cautious, while making investment related decisions in the stocks, cryptos and digital assets. Since these assets can be volatile and unpredictable.

Disclaimer

The information provided on this website does not constitute investment advice, financial advice, trading advice, or any other sort of advice and you should not treat any of the website's content as such.

Token Metrics does not recommend that any cryptocurrency should be bought, sold, or held by you. Do conduct your own due diligence and consult your financial advisor before making any investment decisions.

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Token Metrics: AI-powered crypto research and ratings platform. We help investors make smarter decisions with unbiased Token Metrics Ratings, on-chain analytics, and editor-curated “Top 10” guides. Our platform distills thousands of data points into clear scores, trends, and alerts you can act on.
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Recent Posts

Research

Crypto Market Cools Off: What Is Token Metrics AI Saying Now

Token Metrics Team
5 min

Introduction

The euphoria of April and May in the crypto market has officially hit the brakes. While traders were riding high just weeks ago, the mood has shifted — and the data confirms it. Token Metrics’ proprietary AI signals flipped bearish on May 30, and since then, the market has been slowly but steadily declining.

In this post, we break down what’s happened since the bearish signal, how major altcoins and sectors are reacting, and what Token Metrics’ indicators are telling us about what might come next.

The Big Picture: Cooling Off After a Hot Q1 and Q2 Start

The platform’s AI signal turned bearish on May 30 when the total crypto market cap hit $3.34 trillion. Since then, the momentum that defined early 2025 has reversed.

This wasn’t a sudden crash — it’s a slow bleed. The signal shift didn’t come from headline-driven panic, but from data-level exhaustion: volume softening, sentiment stalling, and trend strength fading across most tokens.

Token Metrics AI recognized the shift — and issued the warning.

What the Bearish Signal Means

The AI model analyzes over 80 metrics across price, volume, sentiment, and on-chain data. When key trends across these data sets weaken, the system flips from bullish (green) to bearish (red).

On May 30:

  • Trader Grades across most tokens declined
  • Signal sentiment flipped bearish
  • Momentum and velocity cooled down

According to the model, these were signs of a broad de-risking cycle — not just isolated weakness.

Sectors Showing Declines

Even tokens that had been performing well throughout Q2 began to stall or roll over.

🚨 Launch Coin

Previously one of the top performers in April, Launch Coin saw its grades decrease and price action softened.It may even be rebranding — a typical signal that a project is pivoting after a hype cycle.

🏦 Real World Assets (RWAs)

RWAs were hot in March–May, but by early June, volume and signal quality had cooled off significantly.

🔐 ZK and L2s

Projects like Starknet and zkSync, once dominant in trader attention, have seen signal strength drop, with many now scoring below 70.

The cooling effect is broad, touching narratives, sectors, and high-performing individual tokens alike.

The Bull-Bear Indicator in Action

One of the key tools used by Token Metrics is the Bull vs. Bear Indicator, which aggregates bullish vs. bearish signals across all tokens tracked.

As of early June:

  • The percentage of tokens with bullish signals dropped to its lowest since January.
  • New projects launching with strong grades also saw a decline.
  • Even community-favorite tokens began receiving “exit” alerts.

This isn’t fear — it’s fatigue.

How Traders Are Reacting

During the webinar, we noted that many users who rely on Token Metrics signals began rotating into stables once the May 30 signal flipped. Others reduced leverage, paused entries, or shifted into defensive plays like ETH and BTC.

This reflects an important philosophy:

"When the data changes, we change our approach."

Instead of trying to fight the tape or chase rebounds, disciplined traders are using the bearish signal to protect gains and preserve capital.

What About Ethereum and Bitcoin?

Even ETH and BTC, the two bellwether assets, aren’t immune.

  • Ethereum: Lost momentum after a strong May push. Its Trader Grade is dropping, and the AI signals currently reflect neutral-to-bearish sentiment.
  • Bitcoin: While still holding structure better than altcoins, it has also declined since peaking above $72k. Volume weakening and sentiment falling suggest caution.

In previous cycles, ETH and BTC acted as shelters during altcoin corrections. But now, even the majors show weakness — another reason why the bearish flip matters.

What Could Reverse This?

Abdullah Sarwar, head of research at Token Metrics, mentioned that for the signals to flip back bullish, we would need to see:

  • Increased momentum across top tokens
  • New narratives (e.g., real-world utility, cross-chain demand)
  • Higher volume and liquidity inflows
  • Positive macro or ETF news

Until then, the system will remain in defensive mode — prioritizing safety over chasing trades.

How to Act During a Bearish Signal

The team offered several tips for traders during this cooling-off period:

  1. Reduce exposure
    Don’t hold full positions in assets with weak grades or bearish signals.

  2. Watch signal reversals
    Keep an eye on sudden bullish flips with high Trader Grades — they often mark trend reversals.

  3. Rebalance into safer assets
    BTC, ETH, or even stables allow you to sit on the sidelines while others take unnecessary risk.

  4. Use Token Metrics filters
    Use the platform to filter for:

    • Top tokens with >80 grades
    • Signals that flipped bullish in the last 3 days
    • Low market-cap tokens with strong on-chain activity

These tools help find exceptions in a weak market.

Conclusion: Bearish Doesn’t Mean Broken

Markets cycle — and AI sees it before headlines do.

Token Metrics' bearish signal wasn’t a call to panic. It was a calibrated, data-backed alert that the trend had shifted — and that it was time to switch from offense to defense.

If you’re navigating this new phase, listen to the data. Use the tools. And most importantly, avoid trading emotionally.

The bull market might return. When it does, Token Metrics AI will flip bullish again — and you’ll be ready.

Research

Backtesting Token Metrics AI: Can AI Grades Really Predict Altcoin Breakouts?

Token Metrics Team
5 min

To test the accuracy of Token Metrics' proprietary AI signals, we conducted a detailed six-month backtest across three different tokens — Fartcoin, Bittensor ($TAO), and Ethereum. Each represents a unique narrative: memecoins, AI infrastructure, and blue-chip Layer 1s. Our goal? To evaluate how well the AI’s bullish and bearish signals timed market trends and price action.

Fartcoin:

The green and red dots on the following Fartcoin price chart represent the bullish and bearish market signals, respectively. Since Nov 26, 2024, Token Metrics AI has given 4 trading signals for Fartcoin. Let’s analyze each signal separately.

The Fartcoin chart above displays green and red dots that mark bullish and bearish signals from the Token Metrics AI, respectively. Over the last six months — starting November 26, 2024 — our system produced four significant trade signals for Fartcoin. Let’s evaluate them one by one.

The first major signal was bullish on November 26, 2024, when Fartcoin was trading at $0.29. This signal preceded a massive run-up, with the price topping out at $2.49. That’s an astounding 758% gain — all captured within just under two months. It’s one of the most powerful validations of the AI model’s ability to anticipate momentum early.

Following that rally, a bearish signal was triggered on January 26, 2025, just before the market corrected. Fartcoin retraced sharply, plunging 74.76% from the highs. Traders who acted on this bearish alert could have avoided substantial drawdowns — or even profited through short-side exposure.

On March 25, 2025, the AI turned bullish again, as Fartcoin traded near $0.53. Over the next several weeks, the token surged to $1.58, a 198% rally. Again, the AI proved its ability to detect upward momentum early.

Most recently, on June 1, 2025, Token Metrics AI flipped bearish once again. The current Trader Grade of 24.34 reinforces this view. For now, the system warns of weakness in the memecoin market — a trend that appears to be playing out in real-time.

Across all four trades, the AI captured both the explosive upside and protected traders from steep corrections — a rare feat in the volatile world of meme tokens.

Bittensor

Next, we examine Bittensor, the native asset of the decentralized AI Layer 1 network. Over the last six months, Token Metrics AI produced five key signals — and the results were a mixed bag but still largely insightful.

In December 2024, the AI turned bearish around $510, which preceded a sharp decline to $314 by February — a 38.4% drawdown. This alert helped traders sidestep a brutal correction during a high-volatility period.

On February 21, 2025, the system flipped bullish, but this trade didn't play out as expected. The price dropped 25.4% after the signal. Interestingly, the AI reversed again with a bearish signal just five days later, showing how fast sentiment and momentum can shift in emerging narratives like AI tokens.

The third signal marked a solid win: Bittensor dropped from $327 to $182.9 following the bearish call — another 44% drop captured in advance.

In April 2025, momentum returned. The AI issued a bullish alert on April 19, with TAO at $281. By the end of May, the token had rallied to over $474, resulting in a 68.6% gain — one of the best performing bullish signals in the dataset.

On June 4, the latest red dot (bearish) appeared. The model anticipates another downward move — time will tell if it materializes, but the track record suggests caution is warranted.

Ethereum

Finally, we analyze the AI’s predictive power for Ethereum, the second-largest crypto by market cap. Over the six-month window, Token Metrics AI made three major calls — and each one captured critical pivots in ETH’s price.

On November 7, 2024, a green dot (bullish) appeared when ETH was priced at $2,880. The price then surged to $4,030 in less than 40 days, marking a 40% gain. For ETH, such a move is substantial and was well-timed.

By December 24, the AI flipped bearish with ETH trading at $3,490. This signal was perhaps the most important, as it came ahead of a major downturn. ETH eventually bottomed out near $1,540 in April 2025, avoiding a 55.8% drawdown for those who acted on the signal.

In May 2025, the AI signaled another bullish trend with ETH around $1,850. Since then, the asset rallied to $2,800, creating a 51% gain.

These three trades — two bullish and one bearish — show the AI’s potential in navigating large-cap assets during both hype cycles and corrections.Backtesting Token Metrics AI across memecoins, AI narratives, and Ethereum shows consistent results: early identification of breakouts, timely exit signals, and minimized risk exposure. While no model is perfect, the six-month history reveals a tool capable of delivering real value — especially when used alongside sound risk management.

Whether you’re a trader looking to time the next big altcoin rally or an investor managing downside in turbulent markets, Token Metrics AI signals — available via the fastest crypto API — offer a powerful edge.

Backtesting Token Metrics AI across memecoins, AI narratives, and Ethereum shows consistent results: early identification of breakouts, timely exit signals, and minimized risk exposure. While no model is perfect, the six-month history reveals a tool capable of delivering real value — especially when used alongside sound risk management.

Whether you’re a trader looking to time the next big altcoin rally or an investor managing downside in turbulent markets, Token Metrics AI signals — available via the fastest crypto API — offer a powerful edge.

Research

Token Metrics API vs. CoinGecko API: Which Crypto API Should You Choose in 2025?

Token Metrics Team
7 min

As the crypto ecosystem rapidly matures, developers, quant traders, and crypto-native startups are relying more than ever on high-quality APIs to build data-powered applications. Whether you're crafting a trading bot, developing a crypto research platform, or launching a GPT agent for market analysis, choosing the right API is critical.

Two names dominate the space in 2025: CoinGecko and Token Metrics. But while both offer access to market data, they serve fundamentally different purposes. CoinGecko is a trusted source for market-wide token listings and exchange metadata. Token Metrics, on the other hand, delivers AI-powered intelligence for predictive analytics and decision-making.

Let’s break down how they compare—and why the Token Metrics API is the superior choice for advanced, insight-driven builders.

🧠 AI Intelligence: Token Metrics Leads the Pack

At the core of Token Metrics is machine learning and natural language processing. It’s not just a data feed. It’s an AI that interprets the market.

Features exclusive to Token Metrics API:

  • Trader Grade (0–100) – Short-term momentum score based on volume, volatility, and technicals
  • Investor Grade (0–100) – Long-term asset quality score using fundamentals, community metrics, liquidity, and funding
  • Bullish/Bearish AI Signals – Real-time alerts based on over 80 weighted indicators
  • Sector-Based Smart Indices – Curated index sets grouped by theme (AI, DeFi, Gaming, RWA, etc.)
  • Sentiment Scores – Derived from social and news data using NLP
  • LLM-Friendly AI Reports – Structured, API-returned GPT summaries per token
  • Conversational Agent Access – GPT-based assistant that queries the API using natural language

In contrast, CoinGecko is primarily a token and exchange aggregator. It offers static data: price, volume, market cap, supply, etc. It’s incredibly useful for basic info—but it lacks context or predictive modeling.

Winner: Token Metrics — The only crypto API built for AI-native applications and intelligent automation.

🔍 Data Depth & Coverage

While CoinGecko covers more tokens and more exchanges, Token Metrics focuses on providing actionable insights rather than exhaustively listing everything.

Feature                                                   Token Metrics API                                    CoinGecko API

Real-time + historical OHLCV              ✅                                                          ✅

Trader/Investor Grades                        ✅ AI-powered                                     ❌

Exchange Aggregation                         ✅ (Used in indices, not exposed)     ✅

Sentiment & Social Scoring                  ✅ NLP-driven                                     ❌

AI Signals                                               ✅                                                         ❌

Token Fundamentals                            ✅ Summary via deepdive         ⚠️ Limited

                                                                        endpoint

NFT Market Data                                  ❌                                                          ✅

On-Chain Behavior                               ✅ Signals + Indices                   ⚠️ Pro-only (limited)

If you're building something analytics-heavy—especially trading or AI-driven—Token Metrics gives you depth, not just breadth.

Verdict: CoinGecko wins on broad metadata coverage. Token Metrics wins on intelligence and strategic utility.

🛠 Developer Experience

One of the biggest barriers in Web3 is getting devs from “idea” to “prototype” without friction. Token Metrics makes that easy.

Token Metrics API Includes:

  • SDKs for Python, Node.js, and Postman
  • Quick-start guides and GitHub sample projects
  • Integrated usage dashboard to track limits and history
  • Conversational agent to explore data interactively
  • Clear, logical endpoint structure across 21 data types

CoinGecko:

  • Simple REST API
  • JSON responses
  • Minimal docs
  • No SDKs
  • No built-in tooling (must build from scratch)

Winner: Token Metrics — Serious devs save hours with ready-to-go SDKs and utilities.

📊 Monitoring, Quotas & Support

CoinGecko Free Tier:

  • 10–30 requests/min
  • No API key needed
  • Public endpoints
  • No email support
  • Rate limiting enforced via IP

Token Metrics Free Tier:

  • 5,000 requests/month
  • 1 request/min
  • Full access to AI signals, grades, rankings
  • Telegram & email support
  • Upgrade paths to 20K–500K requests/month

While CoinGecko’s no-login access is beginner-friendly, Token Metrics offers far more power per call. With just a few queries, your app can determine which tokens are gaining momentum, which are losing steam, and how portfolios should be adjusted.

Winner: Token Metrics — Better for sustained usage, scaling, and production reliability.

💸 Pricing & Value

Plan Feature                CoinGecko Pro            Token Metrics API

Entry Price                  ~$150/month                $99/month

AI Grades & Signals            ❌                               ✅ 

Sentiment Analytics            ❌                               ✅

Sector Index Insights          ❌                               ✅

NLP Token Summaries       ❌                                ✅

Developer SDKs                  ❌                                ✅

Token-Based Discounts     ❌                                ✅ (up to 35% with $TMAI)

For what you pay, Token Metrics delivers quant models and intelligent signal streams — not just raw price.

Winner: Token Metrics — Cheaper entry, deeper value.

🧠 Use Cases Where Token Metrics API Shines

  • Trading Bots
    Use Trader Grade and Signal endpoints to enter/exit based on AI triggers.
  • GPT Agents
    Generate conversational answers for “What’s the best AI token this week?” using structured summaries.
  • Crypto Dashboards
    Power sortable, filtered token tables by grade, signal, or narrative.
  • Portfolio Rebalancers
    Track real-time signals for tokens held, flag risk zones, and show sector exposure.
  • LLM Plugins
    Build chat-based investment tools with explainability and score-based logic.

🧠 Final Verdict: CoinGecko for Info, Token Metrics for Intelligence

If you're building a crypto price tracker, NFT aggregator, or exchange overview site, CoinGecko is a solid foundation. It’s reliable, broad, and easy to get started.

But if your product needs to think, adapt, or help users make better decisions, then Token Metrics API is in another class entirely.

You're not just accessing data — you're integrating AI, machine learning, and predictive analytics into your app. That’s the difference between showing the market and understanding it.

🔗 Ready to Build Smarter?

  • ✅ 5,000 free API calls/month
  • 🤖 Trader & Investor Grades
  • 📊 Live Bull/Bear signals
  • 🧠 AI-powered summaries and GPT compatibility
  • ⚡ 21 endpoints + Python/JS SDKs

👉 Start with Token Metrics API

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