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Research
Top Crypto Trading Platforms in 2025
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Big news: We’re cranking up the heat on AI-driven crypto analytics with the launch of the Token Metrics API and our official SDK (Software Development Kit). This isn’t just an upgrade – it's a quantum leap, giving traders, hedge funds, developers, and institutions direct access to cutting-edge market intelligence, trading signals, and predictive analytics.
Crypto markets move fast, and having real-time, AI-powered insights can be the difference between catching the next big trend or getting left behind. Until now, traders and quants have been wrestling with scattered data, delayed reporting, and a lack of truly predictive analytics. Not anymore.
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The Token Metrics API & SDK bring next-gen AI-powered crypto intelligence to anyone looking to trade smarter, build better, and stay ahead of the curve. With our official SDK, developers can plug these insights into their own trading bots, dashboards, and research tools – no need to reinvent the wheel.
Research
Top Yield Aggregators & Vaults (2025)
Why Yield Aggregators & Vaults Matter in September 2025
DeFi never sits still. Rates move, incentives rotate, and new chains launch weekly. Yield aggregators and vaults automate that work—routing your assets into on-chain strategies that can compound rewards and manage risk while you sleep. In short: a yield aggregator is a smart-contract “account” that deploys your tokens into multiple strategies to optimize returns (with risks).
Who is this for? Active DeFi users, long-term holders, DAOs/treasuries, and anyone exploring passive crypto income in 2025. We prioritized providers with strong security postures, transparent docs, useful dashboards, and broad asset coverage. Secondary angles include DeFi vaults, auto-compounders, and yield optimization tools.
How We Picked (Methodology & Scoring)
- Liquidity (30%) – scale, sustained TVL/volumes and depth across chains/pairs.
- Security (25%) – audits, disclosures, incident history, contracts/docs clarity.
- Coverage (15%) – supported assets, strategies, and chain breadth.
- Costs (15%) – vault/performances fees, hidden costs, gas efficiency.
- UX (10%) – clarity, portfolio tools, reporting, accessibility.
- Support (5%) – docs, community, communications, responsiveness.
Data sources: official product/docs, security and transparency pages; Token Metrics testing; cross-checks with widely cited market datasets when needed. Last updated September 2025.
Top 10 Yield Aggregators & Vaults in September 2025
1. Yearn Finance — Best for blue-chip DeFi auto-compounding
- Why Use It: Yearn’s v3 vaults focus on automated, battle-tested strategies with risk labels and historical APY panes that make evaluation straightforward. You can pick targeted vaults (e.g., Curve/LST strategies) and let contracts handle compounding and rebalancing. Yearn+2Yearn Docs+2
- Best For: Long-term holders • Blue-chip DeFi exposure • “Set and monitor” users • DAO treasuries
- Notable Features: Risk-labeled v3 vaults • Multi-strategy routes • ERC-4626 standardization • Transparency via docs/app
- Consider If: You want conservative, audited strategies with clear dashboards vs. aggressive degen plays.
- Alternatives: Beefy • Sommelier
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Standard vault/performances fees vary by vault; check each vault page.
2. Beefy — Best multichain auto-compounder
- Why Use It: Beefy spans dozens of chains with a huge catalog of auto-compounding vaults (LPs and singles). If you farm across EVM ecosystems, Beefy’s breadth and simple UI make chain-hopping easier—and compounding automatic. beefy.com+1
- Best For: Power users across multiple chains • Yield farmers • Stablecoin/LP strategies
- Notable Features: Cross-chain coverage • “Boosts” campaigns • Strategy docs • Partner integrations
- Consider If: You want wide coverage and simple autocompounding rather than bespoke, strategy-managed funds.
- Alternatives: Yearn • Aura
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Vault-level fees; gas costs vary by chain.
3. Pendle — Best for fixed yield & yield trading
- Why Use It: Pendle tokenizes yield so you can earn fixed yield, long/short yield, or accumulate boosted “real yield” when conditions are attractive. It’s ideal if you want to lock in rates or speculate on future APYs with no liquidation risk. Pendle Finance+2Pendle Documentation+2
- Best For: Rate seekers • Sophisticated DeFi traders • LST/LRT and points farmers
- Notable Features: Yield tokenization (SY/PT/YT) • Fixed/variable yield markets • vePENDLE incentives
- Consider If: You understand interest-rate style products and settlement at maturity dates.
- Alternatives: Yearn (conservative) • Morpho (lending-based yields)
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Trading/LP fees; check markets per asset.
4. Convex Finance — Best for Curve ecosystem boosts
- Why Use It: Convex lets Curve LPs capture boosted CRV emissions and trading fees without locking CRV themselves. If your LP stack is Curve-heavy, Convex remains the go-to optimizer for rewards and governance alignment. Convex+1
- Best For: Curve LPs • veCRV stackers • DAO treasuries optimizing Curve positions
- Notable Features: Boosted staking for Curve LPs • cvxCRV staking • Aggregated rewards flows
- Consider If: Your liquidity sits primarily on Curve and you want to maximize incentives efficiently.
- Alternatives: Stake DAO • Aura
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Protocol takes a share of rewards; details in docs.
5. Aura Finance — Best for Balancer LP boosts
- Why Use It: Aura builds on Balancer to maximize BAL incentives and fees for LPs. Deposit Balancer LP tokens, earn boosted rewards, and participate in governance via locked AURA if you want additional influence over emissions. aura.finance+1
- Best For: Balancer LPs • Emissions-driven strategies • Governance-active users
- Notable Features: Boosted BAL rewards • Cross-chain Balancer support • Vote incentives via ve-style mechanics
- Consider If: Your primary liquidity is on Balancer; Aura is a natural optimizer there.
- Alternatives: Convex • Stake DAO
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Standard vault and protocol parameters vary by pool.
6. Stake DAO — Best for “liquid lockers” & strategy menus
- Why Use It: Stake DAO pioneered “liquid lockers” for governance tokens (e.g., CRV, BAL, FXS), offering boosted yields plus liquid representations of locked positions and a broad strategy shelf. stakedao.org+1
- Best For: Governance farmers • Curve/Balancer/FXS communities • DAO treasuries
- Notable Features: Liquid lockers • Strategy marketplace • Vote markets/governance tooling
- Consider If: You want governance exposure with yield and flexibility, not hard locks.
- Alternatives: Convex • Aura
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Strategy-specific fees; review each locker/strategy page.
7. Sommelier — Best for validator-supervised “Cellar” vaults
- Why Use It: Sommelier’s Cellars are ERC-4626 vaults curated by strategists and approved via governance; the Cosmos-based validator set executes transactions, aiming for safer, rules-based automation. It’s a nice middle ground between DIY farming and black-box funds. Sommelier+2Sommelier Finance+2
- Best For: Users wanting managed vaults with on-chain governance • Cross-chain strategy execution
- Notable Features: Validator-executed strategies • Governance-approved vaults • ERC-4626 standard
- Consider If: You value managed execution and transparency over maximal degen yields.
- Alternatives: Yearn • Enzyme
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Vault-specific management/performance fees; see each Cellar.
8. Morpho Vaults — Best for curated lending vaults
- Why Use It: Morpho Vaults (evolved from MetaMorpho) route deposits across Morpho Blue lending markets, curated by third-party risk experts. It’s lending-centric yield with visible curators, risk budgets, and permissionless vault creation. morpho.org+2morpho.org+2
- Best For: Rate seekers comfortable with lending risk • Risk-aware DAOs/treasuries
- Notable Features: Curator-managed allocation • Transparent risk profiles • Permissionless vaults
- Consider If: You want lending-market yields with curator oversight, not AMM-LP farming.
- Alternatives: Pendle (rates via yield tokens) • Yearn
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Vault/curator parameters vary; review each vault.
9. Enzyme — Best for custom, institutional-grade vaults
- Why Use It: Enzyme provides infrastructure to spin up tokenized vaults—useful for DAOs, managers, and institutions who need controls, fee models, and compliance-minded workflows. You can deploy diversified or structured strategies and issue shares to depositors. enzyme.finance+2enzyme.finance+2
- Best For: Funds/DAOs • Institutional treasuries • Strategy builders needing controls
- Notable Features: Tokenized vault shares • Configurable fees/permissions • Treasury & structured product tooling
- Consider If: You want to create and operate vaults (not just deposit).
- Alternatives: Sommelier • Arrakis (for LP-specific vaults)
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Protocol and manager fees configurable per vault.
10. Arrakis Finance — Best for concentrated-liquidity LP vaults
- Why Use It: Arrakis V2 focuses on programmatic Uniswap-style LP management. Vaults issue ERC-20 shares, rebalance ranges, and can be set up as private “Pro” vaults for token issuers or public strategies for LPs—great if your yield comes from maker fees and incentives. arrakis.finance+2beta.arrakis.finance+2
- Best For: Token teams/treasuries • Advanced LPs • Liquidity mining with CL AMMs
- Notable Features: Modular vault architecture • Programmatic rebalancing • Public & private vault modes
- Consider If: You prefer fee-based LP yields over farm-and-dump emissions.
- Alternatives: Gamma-style LP managers (varies) • Enzyme (custom)
- Regions: Global
- Fees/Notes: Vault terms vary; check each vault/strategy.
Decision Guide: Best By Use Case
- Regulated, conservative posture: Yearn, Sommelier, Enzyme
- Global chain coverage & autocompound: Beefy
- Curve LP optimization: Convex
- Balancer LP optimization: Aura
- Fixed yield / yield trading: Pendle
- Lending-centric rates with curator oversight: Morpho Vaults
- LP vaults for token issuers: Arrakis
- DAO treasuries & strategy builders: Enzyme, Stake DAO
How to Choose the Right Yield Aggregators & Vaults (Checklist)
- Region/eligibility and front-end access (some sites warn on local restrictions).
- Asset & chain coverage that matches your portfolio.
- Custody model (self-custody vs. managed) and who can move funds.
- Fees: management/performance, withdrawal, gas.
- Strategy transparency: docs, parameters, risk labels.
- UX: dashboards, reporting, TVL history.
- Support: docs, forums, community channels.
- Red flags: unaudited contracts, opaque fees, admin keys without disclosures.
Use Token Metrics With Any Yield Aggregators & Vaults
- AI Ratings to quickly screen protocols and assets.
- Narrative Detection to spot yield rotations (LRTs, stablecoin points, etc.).
- Portfolio Optimization to balance rate, volatility, and correlation.
- Alerts/Signals to track entries/exits and net APY shifts.
Workflow: Research → Select → Execute on provider → Monitor with alerts.
Primary CTA: Start free trial.
Security & Compliance Tips
- Enable 2FA on wallets/interfaces where applicable; use hardware wallets for size.
- Understand vault custody: permissions, pausable states, and upgradeability.
- Follow KYC/AML and tax rules in your jurisdiction; some front-ends gate regions.
- Diversify across strategies/curators; avoid over-concentration.
- Practice wallet hygiene: approvals management, separate hot/cold wallets.
This article is for research/education, not financial advice.
Beginner Mistakes to Avoid
- Chasing only headline APY without reading how it’s produced.
- Ignoring gas/fee drag when compounding on L1 vs. L2.
- Depositing into unaudited or opaque vaults.
- Over-allocating to a single strategy/chain.
- Forgetting lockups/maturities (e.g., Pendle) and withdrawal mechanics.
FAQs
What is a yield aggregator in crypto?
A yield aggregator is a smart-contract system that deploys your tokens into multiple DeFi strategies and auto-compounds rewards to target better risk-adjusted returns than manual farming.
Are vaults custodial?
Most DeFi vaults are non-custodial contracts—you keep control via your wallet, while strategies execute on-chain rules. Always read docs for admin keys, pausable functions, and upgrade paths.
Fixed vs. variable yield—how do I choose?
If you value certainty, fixed yields (e.g., via Pendle) can make sense; variable yield can outperform in risk-on markets. Many users blend both.
What fees should I expect?
Common fees are management, performance, and withdrawal (plus gas). Each vault shows specifics; compare net, not just gross APY.
Which networks are best for beginners?
Start on mainstream EVM chains with strong tooling (Ethereum L2s, major sidechains). Fees are lower and UI tooling is better for learning.
How safe are these platforms?
Risks include contract bugs, oracle issues, market shocks, and governance. Prefer audited, well-documented protocols with visible risk controls—and diversify.
Conclusion + Related Reads
If you want set-and-forget blue-chips, start with Yearn or Sommelier. Multichain farmers often prefer Beefy. Curve/Balancer LPs should consider Convex/Aura. Rate-sensitive users may like Pendle or Morpho Vaults. Builders and treasuries should look at Enzyme and Arrakis for tailored vault setups.
Related Reads:
- Best Cryptocurrency Exchanges 2025
- Top Derivatives Platforms 2025
- Top Institutional Custody Providers 2025
Sources & Update Notes
We reviewed each provider’s official site, docs, and product pages for features, security notes, and positioning. Third-party datasets were used only to cross-check market presence. Updated September 2025.
- Yearn Finance — App & Docs: yearn.fi, docs.yearn.fi (Vaults, v3 overview). Yearn+2Yearn Docs+2
- Beefy — Site & Docs: beefy.com, docs.beefy.finance. beefy.com+1
- Pendle — Site, App & Docs: pendle.finance, app.pendle.finance, docs.pendle.finance. Pendle Finance+2Pendle V2+2
- Convex Finance — Site & Docs: convexfinance.com, docs.convexfinance.com. Convex+1
- Aura Finance — Site & App: aura.finance, app.aura.finance. aura.finance+1
- Stake DAO — Site & Yield page: stakedao.org. stakedao.org+1
- Sommelier — Site & Docs (Cellars): somm.finance, sommelier-finance.gitbook.io. Sommelier+1
- Morpho — Vaults page & blog: morpho.org/vaults, morpho.org/blog. morpho.org+1
- Enzyme — Site & Vault docs: enzyme.finance. enzyme.finance+1
- Arrakis Finance — Site, V2 vaults & docs/github: arrakis.finance, beta.arrakis.finance, docs.arrakis.finance, github.com/ArrakisFinance. GitHub+3arrakis.finance+3beta.arrakis.finance+3
Research
Best Lending/Borrowing Protocols (2025)
Why Lending/Borrowing Protocols Matter in September 2025
DeFi lending/borrowing protocols let you supply crypto to earn yield or post collateral to borrow assets without an intermediary. That’s the short answer. In 2025, these platforms matter because market cycles are faster, stablecoin yields are competitive with TradFi, and new risk-isolation designs have reduced contagion across assets. If you’re researching the best lending/borrowing protocols for diversified yield or flexible liquidity, this guide is for you—whether you’re a first-time lender, an active degen rotating between chains, or an institution exploring programmatic treasury management. We highlight security posture, liquidity depth, supported assets, fees, and UX. We also note regional considerations where relevant and link only to official sources.
How We Picked (Methodology & Scoring)
- Liquidity (30%): Depth/fragmentation across pools and chains, plus borrow/supply utilization.
- Security (25%): Audits, bug bounties, incident history, governance safeguards, and transparency.
- Coverage (15%): Asset breadth, multi-chain reach, stablecoin support.
- Costs (15%): Rate models, protocol/reserve fees, gas/bridge costs.
- UX (10%): Clarity of risk, market pages, docs, and integrations.
- Support (5%): Docs, dev portals, community response.
We relied on official product/docs and security pages; third-party market datasets (e.g., CCData/Kaiko/CoinGecko) were used only for cross-checks. Last updated September 2025.
Top 10 Lending/Borrowing Protocols in September 2025
1. Aave — Best for Multi-Chain Liquidity at Scale
Why Use It: Aave remains the blue-chip money market with deep, multi-chain liquidity and granular risk controls across markets. Its non-custodial design and battle-tested rate model make it a default “base layer” for supplying majors and borrowing stables. aave.com+2aave.com+2
Best For: ETH/L2 users, stablecoin lenders, sophisticated borrowers, integrators.
Notable Features: Multiple markets and chains; variable/stable borrow rates; robust docs/dev tooling; governance-led risk parameters. aave.com
Consider If: You want the broadest asset access with conservative risk management.
Regions: Global (DeFi; user eligibility varies by jurisdiction).
Fees/Notes: Interest model + protocol reserve; gas/bridge costs apply. aave.com
Alternatives: Compound, Morpho.
2. Compound — Best for Simplicity and Composability
Why Use It: Compound popularized algorithmic interest rates and still offers clean markets and a developer-friendly stack (Compound II/III). For ETH/L2 blue-chips and stables, it’s a straightforward option. compound.finance+1
Best For: ETH mainnet lenders, conservative borrowers, devs needing a stable API/primitive.
Notable Features: Autonomous interest-rate protocol; separate “III” markets; transparent market pages; on-chain governance. compound.finance+1
Consider If: You want a minimal, well-understood money market for majors.
Regions: Global (DeFi; user eligibility varies).
Fees/Notes: Variable rates; protocol reserves; gas applies.
Alternatives: Aave, Spark Lend.
3. Morpho — Best for Efficient, Risk-Scoped Lending (Morpho Blue)
Why Use It: Morpho Blue focuses on trustless, efficient markets with permissionless pair creation and improved capital efficiency. It aims to route lenders/borrowers to “best possible” terms with a narrow, auditable core. morpho.org+2morpho.org+2
Best For: Power users, DeFi funds, integrators optimizing rates, risk-aware lenders.
Notable Features: Morpho Blue minimal core; permissionless markets; lower gas; flexible collateral factors. morpho.org
Consider If: You prioritize rate efficiency and clear risk boundaries.
Regions: Global.
Fees/Notes: Market-specific parameters; gas applies.
Alternatives: Silo Finance, Fraxlend.
4. Spark (SparkLend) — Best for Deep Stablecoin Liquidity via Maker/Sky
Why Use It: SparkLend benefits from direct liquidity provided by Sky (Maker ecosystem), offering transparent, governance-set rates for borrowing USDS/USDC at scale—useful for stablecoin treasuries and market-makers. spark+2spark+2
Best For: Stablecoin borrowers, DAOs/treasuries, conservative lenders focused on stables.
Notable Features: USDS/USDC borrowing at scale; Spark Liquidity Layer; governance-driven rate transparency. spark
Consider If: You want Maker-aligned stablecoin rails with predictable liquidity.
Regions: Global (check local eligibility).
Fees/Notes: Governance-determined parameters; protocol reserves; gas applies.
Alternatives: Aave, Compound.
5. Radiant Capital — Best for Omnichain UX on L2s
Why Use It: Radiant targets cross-chain UX with audited deployments and a community-driven token model—appealing to users active on Arbitrum and other L2s seeking competitive rates and incentives. Radiant Capital
Best For: L2 lenders/borrowers, yield seekers rotating across EVMs.
Notable Features: Multi-audit posture; L2-centric markets; RDNT lockers sharing protocol revenue; incentives. Radiant Capital
Consider If: You’re comfortable with DeFi token incentives and L2 bridging.
Regions: Global.
Fees/Notes: Variable APRs; incentive emissions; gas/bridge costs.
Alternatives: Aave (L2), Silo.
6. Notional — Best for Fixed-Term, Fixed-Rate Lending & Borrowing
Why Use It: Notional offers fixed-rate, fixed-term lending and borrowing, providing users with predictable interest rates and loan durations. This model is particularly appealing to institutional players and long-term investors seeking stability in DeFi markets.
Best For: Institutional borrowers, long-term DeFi investors, and those seeking predictable lending terms.
Notable Features:
- Fixed-rate and fixed-term loans
- Transparent interest rate models
- Supports a wide range of assets
- User-friendly interface
Consider If: You prefer the certainty of fixed rates and terms in your lending and borrowing activities.
Regions: Global
Fees/Notes: Fees vary based on loan terms and asset type.
Alternatives: Aave, Compound, Morpho
7. Venus Protocol — Best for BNB Chain Liquidity
Why Use It: Venus is the leading money market on BNB Chain, offering broad asset coverage and deep stablecoin pools for users anchored to that ecosystem. It emphasizes security practices and transparency to support its large user base. venus.io+1
Best For: BNB Chain lenders/borrowers, yield strategists, BSC-native projects.
Notable Features: Multichain money market positioning; active governance; security resources. venus.io
Consider If: You are primarily on BNB Chain and need depth.
Regions: Global.
Fees/Notes: Variable APRs; protocol reserves; chain gas fees.
Alternatives: Aave (BSC deployments where available), Radiant.
8. Solend — Best for Solana Speed & Fees
Why Use It: On Solana, Solend is the go-to autonomous money market with many asset pools and fast, low-fee transactions. It’s well suited for active traders and stablecoin lenders who want Solana performance. solend.fi+1
Best For: Solana users, stablecoin lenders, active borrowers hedging perps/DEX LP.
Notable Features: Dozens of pools; developer portal; bug bounty; investor backing. solend.fi
Consider If: You want low fees and high throughput on SOL.
Regions: Global.
Fees/Notes: Variable APRs; Solana fees are minimal but apply.
Alternatives: Kamino Lend (Solana), Aave (EVM).
9. JustLend DAO — Best for TRON-Native Markets
Why Use It: JustLend is TRON’s flagship money market, supporting TRX, USDT, and other TRC-20 assets with competitive rates and growing DAO governance. It’s a practical option for users embedded in the TRON ecosystem. JustLend DAO+1
Best For: TRON users, USDT lenders on TRON, TRX stakers (sTRX).
Notable Features: TRON integration; sTRX staking module; active on-chain proposals. app.justlend.org+1
Consider If: You primarily hold TRC-20s and want native UX.
Regions: Global (note regional availability of TRON gateways).
Fees/Notes: Variable APRs; TRON gas is low.
Alternatives: Venus (BSC), Aave (EVM).
10. Silo Finance — Best for Risk-Isolated Money Markets
Why Use It: Silo builds isolated markets (“silos”) so lenders bear only the risk of the market they choose—reducing cross-asset contagion seen in shared pools. Helpful for long-tail assets under tighter risk parameters. Silo Finance+2Silopedia+2
Best For: Risk-aware lenders, long-tail asset communities, L2 users.
Notable Features: Isolated pairs; transparent docs; multi-chain deployments; active governance. silodocs2.netlify.app
Consider If: You want clear compartmentalization of risk per asset.
Regions: Global.
Fees/Notes: Market-specific rates; gas/bridge costs.
Alternatives: Morpho, Fraxlend.
Decision Guide: Best By Use Case
- Regulated U.S. access (self-serve DeFi): Aave, Compound. aave.com+1
- Global liquidity depth: Aave, Compound, Spark. compound.finance+1
- Stablecoin-centric borrowing: Spark, Aave. spark
- Risk-isolation for long-tail assets: Silo, Morpho, Fraxlend. Silopedia+2morpho.org+2
- L2-first yield rotation: Radiant, Aave (L2 markets). Radiant Capital
- Solana speed/fees: Solend. solend.fi
- BNB Chain natives: Venus. venus.io
- TRON ecosystem: JustLend. JustLend DAO
How to Choose the Right Lending/Borrowing Protocol (Checklist)
- Verify audits, bug bounties, and incident reports on official docs.
- Check asset coverage and liquidity depth for your pairs.
- Understand rate models, reserves, and any protocol fees.
- Confirm chain costs (gas/bridging) and wallet support.
- Evaluate risk isolation vs. shared pools; match to your collateral.
- Prefer transparent governance and live market dashboards.
- Red flags: opaque documentation, paused markets without detail, or unaudited contracts.
Use Token Metrics With Any Lending/Borrowing Protocol
- AI Ratings to screen assets and protocols by risk/quality.
- Narrative Detection to spot trending ecosystems (e.g., L2s, Solana).
- Portfolio Optimization to balance stable yields vs. volatile collateral.
- Alerts/Signals to monitor entries, exits, and funding shifts.
Workflow: Research on Token Metrics → Select protocol/markets → Execute on the protocol → Monitor with TM alerts.
Primary CTA: Start free trial
Security & Compliance Tips
- Use hardware wallets and enable 2FA where relevant (for front-ends).
- Keep collateral and borrow assets on separate wallets when possible.
- Respect KYC/AML requirements of any off-ramp or custodial touchpoints.
- Monitor health factor / LTV; set alerts for liquidations.
- Prefer audited markets and read parameter pages before depositing.
This article is for research/education, not financial advice.
Beginner Mistakes to Avoid
- Borrowing volatile assets against volatile collateral without buffers.
- Ignoring oracle and liquidity risks on long-tail markets.
- Bridging large sums without test transactions.
- Chasing emissions without evaluating lockups and exit liquidity.
- Overlooking governance changes that alter risk parameters.
FAQs
What is a DeFi lending/borrowing protocol?
A smart-contract system that lets users supply assets to earn interest or post collateral to borrow other assets, typically overcollateralized with algorithmic rates.
How do variable and stable borrow rates differ?
Variable rates change with utilization; stable/“fixed” rates are more predictable but can reprice under specific conditions. Always check the protocol’s docs.
Are isolated markets safer than shared pools?
They can reduce cross-asset contagion by containing risk to one market, but you still face collateral, oracle, and liquidation risks.
Which chains are best for low-fee lending?
Solana and several L2s (e.g., Arbitrum, Optimism, Base) offer lower fees than mainnet. Choose based on assets, liquidity, and tooling.
How much collateral should I post?
Many borrowers keep a conservative buffer (e.g., target health factor well above minimum), especially in volatile markets; tailor to your risk tolerance.
Can institutions use these protocols?
Yes—many funds and DAOs integrate with major money markets, often via smart-contract wallets and custom monitors.
Conclusion + Related Reads
If you want breadth and depth, start with Aave or Compound. If you’re optimizing stablecoin flows, Spark stands out. For isolated-risk, asset-specific strategies, Morpho, Silo, and Fraxlend are strong fits. Solana, TRON, and BNB users should look to Solend, JustLend, and Venus respectively. Pick based on chain, risk, and the collateral you actually hold.
Related Reads:
- Best Cryptocurrency Exchanges 2025
- Top Derivatives Platforms 2025
- Top Institutional Custody Providers 2025
Sources & Update Notes
We reviewed official app/docs pages, security/audit resources, governance and market pages for each protocol. Third-party datasets were used only to cross-check volumes/liquidity. Updated September 2025 to reflect current markets and docs.
- Aave: Homepage; Docs; Help: Borrowing. aave.com+2aave.com+2
- Compound: Homepage; Markets; Governance pages. compound.finance+2compound.finance+2
- Morpho: Homepage; Morpho Blue blog/whitepaper summary; App (Earn/Borrow). app.morpho.org+3morpho.org+3morpho.org+3
- Spark: Homepage (SparkLend); Borrow page; Maker/Sky launch reference. spark+2spark+2
- Radiant Capital: Official site security/audit notes. Radiant Capital
- Fraxlend: Frax site/app; Docs; GitHub. GitHub+3frax.finance+3app.frax.finance+3
- Venus: Site/app and resources. venus.io+1
- Solend: Site/dashboard. solend.fi+1
- JustLend: Official site/app modules; TRON ecosystem pages. JustLend DAO+2app.justlend.org+2
- Silo Finance: Site; Docs (risk-isolation concepts). Silo Finance+2Silopedia+2
Research
Best Crypto Tax Software (2025)
Why crypto tax reporting & portfolio reconciliation software Matters in September 2025
Crypto taxes are messy—DeFi, NFTs, cross-chain bridges, airdrops, staking, and perpetuals all create taxable events. The best crypto tax software helps you import everything, reconcile cost basis, and generate compliant reports (e.g., IRS Form 8949/Schedule D) in minutes. In one line: crypto tax software is a tool that ingests your on-chain and exchange data and produces compliant tax reports for your jurisdiction.
In 2025, new broker reporting rules and evolving national guidance raise the stakes for accuracy. This guide prioritizes global coverage, robust reconciliations for DeFi/NFTs, and clear pricing. Whether you’re a retail investor, active DeFi/NFT trader, or a tax pro, you’ll find vetted options below, plus a quick decision map and setup checklist. (See Sources section for official docs cited.)
How We Picked (Methodology & Scoring)
- What we scored (weights): Scale & data handling (30% liquidity/coverage in practice—can it ingest many venues at volume?), Security (25%) including 2FA, data handling, disclosures; Coverage (15%) of assets/DeFi/NFTs/chains; Costs (15%) (transparent plans, value at higher tx counts); UX (10%) (import helpers, error resolution); Support (5%) (tax-pro help, chat, docs).
- Data sources: Official product and security pages, pricing and docs; limited cross-checks with widely cited market datasets for context. We do not rely on affiliate reviews.
- Freshness: Last updated September 2025; we noted regional changes (e.g., deprecations/partnerships) from official announcements. Koinly+2ZenLedger+2
Top 10 crypto tax reporting & portfolio reconciliation software in September 2025
1. Koinly — Best for fast setup across 20+ countries
{
"name":"Koinly",
"url":"https://koinly.io/",
"tagline":"Best for fast setup across 20+ countries",
"why_use_it":"Polished imports, broad exchange/wallet support, and clean reports you can hand to your CPA. Strong retail UX with preview-before-pay and ready-made IRS forms. Good balance of speed and depth for DeFi/NFTs.",
"best_for":"Retail investors; casual DeFi users; U.S., EU & APAC filers needing standard forms",
"notable_features":["Free preview of gains","Form 8949 & Schedule D exports","Integrations for major exchanges/wallets"],
"fees_notes":"Free preview; paid tiers scale by transaction count.",
"regions":"Global",
"alternatives":["CoinLedger","CoinTracker"]
}
Key facts per official site: global availability, free preview, IRS forms. Koinly+1
2. CoinLedger — Best for U.S. filers who want simple, fast forms
{
"name":"CoinLedger",
"url":"https://coinledger.io/",
"tagline":"Best for U.S. filers who want simple, fast forms",
"why_use_it":"Straightforward import flow with strong U.S. forms and helpful education. Good DeFi/NFT coverage for most retail needs without overcomplicating the setup.",
"best_for":"U.S. filers; creators/traders mixing CEX, NFTs, staking; DIY with CPA handoff",
"notable_features":["Instant tax forms","DeFi & NFT support","Unlimited revisions"],
"fees_notes":"Tiered by transaction count; unlimited wallets/exchanges supported.",
"regions":"US/Global",
"alternatives":["Koinly","CryptoTaxCalculator"]
}
Highlights: instant forms, DeFi/NFT support, pricing by report tier. CoinLedger+1
3. CoinTracker — Best portfolio + tax combo
{
"name":"CoinTracker",
"url":"https://www.cointracker.io/",
"tagline":"Best portfolio + tax combo",
"why_use_it":"Combines strong portfolio tracking with tax reporting and broad integrations. Good fit if you want year-round tracking and tax filing in one place.",
"best_for":"Buy-and-hold investors; multi-exchange users; Coinbase ecosystem",
"notable_features":["Portfolio + tax in one","TurboTax & H&R Block export","Free tax calculator"],
"fees_notes":"Free plan + multiple paid tiers based on transaction counts and features.",
"regions":"Global",
"alternatives":["CoinTracking","Koinly"]
}
References: portfolio/tax plans; free 2025 tax calculator. cointracker.io+1
4. CryptoTaxCalculator — Best for DeFi/NFT power users
{
"name":"CryptoTaxCalculator",
"url":"https://cryptotaxcalculator.io/",
"tagline":"Best for DeFi/NFT power users",
"why_use_it":"Known for granular on-chain parsing (contracts, smart labels) and robust inventory methods. Clear U.S. guide coverage plus deep international docs.",
"best_for":"Heavy DeFi/NFT traders; cross-chain users; Coinbase users wanting discounts",
"notable_features":["Advanced DeFi categorization","Multiple inventory methods (FIFO/LIFO/HIFO)","Tax loss harvesting tools"],
"fees_notes":"Free import/preview; pay for reports and advanced tools; tiers by tx count.",
"regions":"Global (strong US/AU/EU support)",
"alternatives":["CoinLedger","Coinpanda"]
}
See pricing & free-trial notes; U.S. 2025 guide and integrations. Coinbase Help+3Crypto Tax Calculator+3Crypto Tax Calculator+3
5. ZenLedger — Best for tax-pro assistance on demand
{
"name":"ZenLedger",
"url":"https://zenledger.io/",
"tagline":"Best for tax-pro assistance on demand",
"why_use_it":"DIY software plus optional tax strategy consults and filing assistance. Solid reporting with emphasis on loss harvesting and a unified spreadsheet view.",
"best_for":"U.S. filers; users wanting hands-on help; mixed income (staking/mining)",
"notable_features":["Tax loss harvesting tool","Grand Unified Spreadsheet","In-house tax services"],
"fees_notes":"Free tier available; premium plans and paid consults/tax filing.",
"regions":"US/Global",
"alternatives":["TokenTax","Koinly"]
}
Features & services from official pages. ZenLedger+2ZenLedger+2
6. TokenTax — Best full-service + complex reconciliations
{
"name":"TokenTax",
"url":"https://tokentax.co/",
"tagline":"Best full-service + complex reconciliations",
"why_use_it":"Hybrid model: powerful software plus CPAs who will reconcile edge cases (bridges, LPs, DEX fees). Plans scale up to white-glove VIP with audit support.",
"best_for":"Active traders; complex DeFi; high-net-worth; back-tax cleanups",
"notable_features":["CPA-backed filing","Advanced accounting methods (FIFO/LIFO/HIFO)","Enterprise & VIP options"],
"fees_notes":"Multiple tiers from DIY to VIP; enterprise custom pricing.",
"regions":"Global",
"alternatives":["ZenLedger","Ledgible"]
}
Plans & accounting methods per official site. TokenTax+2TokenTax+2
7. Coinpanda — Best for multi-country filers
{
"name":"Coinpanda",
"url":"https://coinpanda.io/",
"tagline":"Best for multi-country filers",
"why_use_it":"Strong global coverage (65+ countries) and exports for local forms. Handy if you moved jurisdictions or need non-U.S. reports alongside IRS forms.",
"best_for":"Expats; EU/APAC filers; users juggling multiple tax regimes",
"notable_features":["Country-specific reports","IRS Form 8949 & Schedule D","Broad exchange/wallet support"],
"fees_notes":"Pricing tiers by transaction count; free to try.",
"regions":"Global (65+ countries)",
"alternatives":["Blockpit","CryptoTaxCalculator"]
}
Coverage and report exports per official pages. Coinpanda+2Coinpanda+2
8. Ledgible — Best for tax professionals & firms
{
"name":"Ledgible",
"url":"https://ledgible.io/",
"tagline":"Best for tax professionals & firms",
"why_use_it":"Built for tax pros with client billing, pro dashboards, and accounting integrations. Good bridge between retail clients and professional software workflows.",
"best_for":"CPAs/EAs; multi-client firms; advanced retail users with a pro",
"notable_features":["Pro portal & client billing","1099/8949/Schedule D outputs","Accounting/ERP integrations"],
"fees_notes":"Pro portal free; clients pay per-report (customizable).",
"regions":"US/Global",
"alternatives":["TokenTax","CoinTracker"]
}
Professional focus and pricing model per official site. Ledgible+1
9. CoinTracking — Best for data nerds & long-time traders
{
"name":"CoinTracking",
"url":"https://cointracking.info/",
"tagline":"Best for data nerds & long-time traders",
"why_use_it":"One of the longest-running portfolio + tax tools with deep historical imports and flexible reports. Appeals to users with large archives and custom CSVs.",
"best_for":"Power users; traders with legacy data; hybrid hodlers/traders",
"notable_features":["300+ exchange/wallet imports","DeFi/NFT support","Detailed tax and performance reports"],
"fees_notes":"Free tier + paid plans; supports many jurisdictions.",
"regions":"Global",
"alternatives":["CoinTracker","Coinpanda"]
}
Core claims from official product pages. cointracking.info+1
10. Blockpit — Best for Europe & Accointing migrations
{
"name":"Blockpit",
"url":"https://www.blockpit.io/",
"tagline":"Best for Europe & Accointing migrations",
"why_use_it":"EU-focused platform with clear U.S. support and a streamlined migration path from Accointing (which sunset in 2024). Good documentation and transparent pricing.",
"best_for":"EU users; ex-Accointing users; mixed CEX+DeFi portfolios",
"notable_features":["Accointing migration","IRS-aligned U.S. reports","Mobile app & portfolio tracking"],
"fees_notes":"Free tracking; paid tax reports tiered by transactions.",
"regions":"EU/US (Global coverage increasing)",
"alternatives":["Coinpanda","CryptoTaxCalculator"]
}
Accointing migration + pricing and U.S. alignment per official pages. Blockpit+3Blockpit Helpcenter+3Blockpit+3
Decision Guide: Best By Use Case
- Quick U.S. filing, simple stack: CoinLedger or Koinly
- Year-round portfolio + taxes in one: CoinTracker or CoinTracking
- Heavy DeFi/NFTs or complex on-chain: CryptoTaxCalculator or TokenTax (full service)
- Tax pro / multi-client firm: Ledgible
- Multi-country reporting (EU/APAC): Coinpanda or Blockpit
- Migrating from Accointing: Blockpit
- Want audit support / VIP: TokenTax
How to Choose the Right crypto tax reporting & portfolio reconciliation software (Checklist)
- Jurisdiction & forms: Does it export the forms you need (e.g., IRS 8949/Schedule D; HMRC; ATO)?
- Integrations & coverage: Wallets, exchanges, chains, DeFi protocols, NFTs you actually use.
- Reconciliation depth: Handles bridges, LP removals, MEV, staking rewards, airdrops, and fees correctly.
- Cost model: Transactions-based tiers vs. flat; consider your volume this year and next.
- UX & error fixing: Clear warnings, duplicate detection, missing cost-basis tools.
- Security: 2FA, read-only API keys, data retention controls.
- Support: CPA access, pro plans, or community docs.
- Red flags: No recent updates; vague pricing; no exportable audit trail.
Use Token Metrics With Any crypto tax reporting & portfolio reconciliation software
- AI Ratings to screen coins and reduce churn trading.
- Narrative Detection to spot momentum before it hits your P&L.
- Portfolio Optimization to size positions intelligently.
- Alerts/Signals to avoid taxable churn and plan harvest windows.
Workflow: Research in Token Metrics → Select provider above → Import/sync & reconcile → Monitor with TM alerts.
Primary CTA: Start free trial.
Security & Compliance Tips
- Enable 2FA; use read-only API keys; revoke old keys.
- Keep a wallet hygiene routine (label internal transfers, track bridges and gas).
- Maintain off-exchange backups of CSVs and address lists.
- Follow KYC/AML rules at your provider; understand 1099/DA broker reporting starting in 2025. TurboTax
This article is for research/education, not financial advice.
Beginner Mistakes to Avoid
- Treating transfers as taxable sales (fix with proper labeling).
- Ignoring fees and LP add/remove entries (cost basis breaks).
- Mixing personal and business wallets without tagging.
- Waiting until April—fixing mismatches takes time.
- Relying on a single source export (always keep on-chain + CEX records).
FAQs
What is crypto tax software?
It’s software that aggregates your exchange, wallet, and on-chain activity to calculate cost basis and produce compliant tax forms for your jurisdiction. Most tools support IRS Form 8949/Schedule D in the U.S. and local equivalents elsewhere.
How do I file crypto taxes with software?
- Connect exchanges/wallets with read-only APIs or public addresses; 2) Import CSVs for gaps; 3) Review warnings/missing cost basis; 4) Generate forms and file directly or export to TurboTax/your CPA. Most tools offer a free preview before you pay. Koinly
Which crypto tax app is best for DeFi/NFTs?
CryptoTaxCalculator, TokenTax (with pro help), and Coinpanda have strong DeFi/NFT coverage. Choose based on your chains/protocols and whether you want full-service support. Crypto Tax Calculator+2TokenTax+2
What changed for 2025 U.S. crypto taxes?
Broker reporting (Form 1099-DA) begins for the 2025 tax year, expanding third-party information reporting. You still must report all crypto disposals even without a form. TurboTax
Can I use TurboTax with these tools?
Yes—most export to TurboTax/H&R Block or generate importable files. If you only used one exchange (e.g., Coinbase), you may be able to file directly; multi-platform activity benefits from a dedicated crypto tax app. cointracker.io+1
Is Crypto.com Tax still available?
No. Crypto.com deprecated its free tax tool in June 2024 and now partners with Koinly and TokenTax. Crypto.com Help Center
Conclusion + Related Reads
If you want fast, reliable filing, start with Koinly or CoinLedger. Need portfolio + tax together? Try CoinTracker or CoinTracking. For complex DeFi/NFTs, pick CryptoTaxCalculator or full-service TokenTax. Multi-country or EU-heavy? Coinpanda or Blockpit. Tax pros and firms should consider Ledgible.
Related Reads:
- Best Cryptocurrency Exchanges 2025
- Top Derivatives Platforms 2025
- Top Institutional Custody Providers 2025
Sources & Update Notes
We reviewed official product, pricing, guides, and security pages for each provider; we avoided third-party reviews for claims. Updated September 2025.
- Koinly — Home & Pricing pages. Koinly+1
- CoinLedger — Home & Pricing. CoinLedger+1
- CoinTracker — Home, Plans, Tax Calculator. cointracker.io+2cointracker.io+2
- CryptoTaxCalculator — US page, Pricing, US Tax Guide, Integrations notes. Crypto Tax Calculator+3Crypto Tax Calculator+3Crypto Tax Calculator+3
- ZenLedger — Home, Services, Filing pages. ZenLedger+2ZenLedger+2
- TokenTax — Home, Pricing, Accounting Methods guide. TokenTax+2TokenTax+2
- Coinpanda — Home, Pricing/Reports, Country coverage. Coinpanda+2Coinpanda+2
- Ledgible — Home, Pricing/Pro. Ledgible+1
- CoinTracking — Home & Tax report pages. cointracking.info+1
- Blockpit — Home, Pricing, Accointing migration & product updates. Blockpit+3Blockpit+3Blockpit+3
Context: TurboTax crypto changes; Crypto.com Tax deprecation; Coinbase discounts page. TurboTax+2Crypto.com Help Center+2
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Token Metrics Media LLC is a regular publication of information, analysis, and commentary focused especially on blockchain technology and business, cryptocurrency, blockchain-based tokens, market trends, and trading strategies.
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